Jimmy Carter

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (English: James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr.; October 1, 1924 - December 29, 2024) was an American Democratic politician, humanitarian, and the 39th President of the United States (1977-1981). Born in Plains, Georgia, he served in the Navy and ran a peanut farm in his early years; he served in the Georgia Senate from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. He then ran for president and was elected, defeating then-President Gerald Ford. During Carter's tenure as president, he created two new administrative departments: the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. Faced with the persistent stagflation problem in the United States, including high inflation, high unemployment, and slow economic growth, he increased interest rates to a maximum of 20% during his tenure, which aroused opposition from some people. In terms of diplomacy, Carter actively mediated the war between Israel and Egypt, and began to improve relations with communist countries, such as promoting the formal establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and severing diplomatic relations with the Republic of China. Carter paid much attention to human rights protection when engaging in diplomacy, and once pressured the government of the Republic of Korea, then ruled by military strongman Park Chung-hee, to improve human rights. In 1979, he signed an agreement to transfer sovereignty of the Panama Canal. In the same year, the Soviet Union entered Afghanistan. Carter ordered a grain embargo against the Soviet Union, boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and revoked the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty signed by both parties. In the same year, the Islamic Revolution broke out in Iran and overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Because the United States provided political asylum to the Shah, the Khomeini regime seized 52 hostages at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran at the end of the year, which became the Iran Hostage Crisis. Carter sent troops to rescue but the following year It failed, and the situation in Iran triggered the second oil crisis, which caused the domestic oil prices in the United States to skyrocket. It was considered that it caused him to lose to Ronald Reagan when he was seeking re-election in the presidential election of the same year. In the end, the Iran hostage crisis lasted 444 days and was not resolved until the day he left office. After leaving office, Carter actively participated in mediating wars and hostage crises. After the 9/11 attacks, he opposed the Bush administration's attack on Iraq. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. On December 29, 2024, Carter died at his home in Plains, Georgia, at the age of 100. He was the oldest president in the history of the United States and the first American president to become a popular person.