People Library

John Maxwell Coetzee, AC (English: John Maxwell Coetzee, abbreviated as J. M. Coetzee, February 9, 1940 -), also translated as Coetzee, is a contemporary South African novelist, winner of the 1987 Jerusalem Prize, and winner of the 2003 Nobel Prize for Literature. Coetzee wrote primarily in English. In 2006, Coetzee became a naturalized Australian citizen and taught at the Faculty of Arts at the University of Adelaide.

John Galsworthy, OM (English: John Galsworthy, /ˈɡɔːlzwɜːrði/, August 14, 1867 - January 31, 1933), British novelist, playwright, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Literature. Galsworthy was born into a wealthy family in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England. He studied law at Harrow School and New College, Oxford University, and became a barrister in 1890. However, he did not practice law after qualifying as a lawyer. Instead, he went abroad to help run the family business. During the journey, he met the writer Joseph Conrad. Galsworthy began writing in 1895, and the 1897 short story collection From the Four Winds was his first published work. His first published play, The Silver Box (1906), and his subsequent novel, The Man of Property (1906), were both successful. His and other contemporary writers (such as George Bernard Shaw) wrote works that dealt with social class systems and other issues, such as the play Strife (1909). Galsworthy won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his works The Forsytes trilogy ("The Man of Property", "Rent" and "Rent"). Galsworthy died of brain cancer at his home in London in 1933.

John McCarthy (English: John McCarthy, September 4, 1927 - October 24, 2011) was a computer scientist born in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. He won the Turing Award in 1971 for his contributions to the field of artificial intelligence. In fact, it was he who proposed the concept of "artificial intelligence" at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956.

Johannes Brahms (German: Johannes Brahms, May 7, 1833 - April 3, 1897), a German composer, pianist and conductor, is considered one of the most important representatives of the Romantic music period. Brahms is a musical leader in contemporary Vienna and spent most of his creative period in Vienna (he settled here after 1869). He composed four symphonies, the first of which was completed when he was 40 years old. His music genres include piano music, chamber music, symphony, chorus, and art songs, etc. He is especially good at presenting folk melodies with refined brushwork. In addition, Brahms himself also had outstanding piano playing skills. He premiered his own works with many outstanding musicians. Musicians with whom he worked closely include: pianist Clara Schumann, violinist Joseph Joachim and others. On the creative route, Brahms was an advocate and practitioner of pure music, and he was clearly separated from Liszt, Wagner and other members of the new music school at that time. Brahms was known for his perfectionism, and research shows that creations that did not satisfy him were often destroyed by him. There are also many works that he has not officially published. Brahms's works have become one of the main repertoires of modern concerts. Hans von Bülow called Brahms, Bach and Beethoven the "Three Bs". A traditionalist and innovator, his contributions and talents were admired by several composers, including Antonin Dvořák (whose music he enthusiastically supported) and Edward Elgar. Max Reger and Alexander von Zemlinsky successfully merged the often contrasting styles of Brahms and Wagner. The same was true for Arnold Schoenberg. Both he and Anton Webern were deeply inspired by the complexity and tight structure of Brahms' music, especially the concept of "developing variation" advocated by Schoenberg.

Johannes Kepler (German: Johannes Kepler, pronounced: [joˈhanəs ˈkɛplɐ]; December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630), German astronomer and mathematician. Kepler was a key figure in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. His most well-known achievement is Kepler's laws, which are three laws extracted by later scholars based on his works "New Astronomy", "Harmony of the World", and "Summary of Copernican Astronomy". They had a great influence on Isaac Newton and inspired Newton to later come up with Newton's law of universal gravitation. Kepler worked as a mathematics teacher at a theological seminary in Graz, Austria, where he became a colleague of Prince Hans Ulrich of Eggenberg. He later became an assistant to the astronomer Tycho Brahe and eventually became royal mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II and his two successors, Matthias and Ferdinand II. He also served as a mathematics teacher and advisor to General Wallenstein in Linz, Austria. In addition, he did fundamental work in the field of optics, invented an improved refracting telescope (Kepler's telescope), and mentioned the discoveries made by Galileo using telescopes at the same time. When Kepler lived, there was no clear distinction between astronomy and astrology, but there was a clear distinction between astronomy (a branch of mathematics in the liberal arts) and physics (a branch of natural philosophy). Because of his religious beliefs, Kepler included religious arguments and reasons in his works. Because we believe that God created the world with wisdom, people can understand God's plan of creation as long as they use the light of natural reason. . Kepler described his new astronomy as "astrophysics", "a journey to Aristotle's Metaphysics", "a supplement to Aristotle's cosmology", a physical cosmology that transformed the ancient tradition by making astronomy part of general mathematical physics.

Johan Marius Nicolaas Heesters (Dutch: Johan Marius Nicolaas Heesters; December 5, 1903 – December 24, 2011), whose stage name was Johannes Heesters, was born in the Netherlands. He was a stage, television, and film actor, as well as a voice actor and concert performer in many works. His career can be traced back to 1921. Since the mid-1930s, Heisst has only been active in the German-speaking world, causing great controversy due to various actions during World War II and its great success in Nazi Germany. Hester's career as an actor continued until his death, making him one of the oldest stage actors in history.

John Christopher Depp II (English: John Christopher Depp II, June 9, 1963 -), commonly known as Johnny Depp (Johnny Depp), is an American actor, film producer and musician. He has won the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor. His earliest famous work was the 1980s TV series "Dragon Tiger Boys", and he became one of the idols of young people. Later, Depp's popularity increased greatly. He played a supporting role in the movie "The Khmer Goes Forward" (1986), and then starred in "Edward Scissorhands" (1990), "Sleepy Hollow" (1999), and "The Lost Ship" (1999). 2003) and its series sequels, "The Chocolat Factory" (2005), "Old Adventures" (2010), "Strike" (2011) and "The Crimes of Grindelwald" (2018) and other films. He has collaborated on eight films with Tim Burton, a collaborator and friend, and has also appeared in many films with Helena Bonham Carter. Depp is considered one of the greatest movie stars in the world. The series of films in which he starred in "The Legend of the Devil" are his most successful commercial films; in addition, films such as "Chocolate Adventure Factory" and "Dream of Evil" also have high box office numbers. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Actor. Depp won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in The Barber (2007), and went on to win the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor for The Lost Boys. Depp's performance in American movies has earned him the status of a sex symbol, and he was named the "Sexiest Man Alive" twice by People magazine in 2003 and 2009. He has been listed in the 2012 Guinness Book of World Records as the highest paid actor ($95 million). In 2016, then-spouse Amber Heard filed for divorce and accused Johnny of domestic violence, which caused Johnny Depp to lose his film and television work and his image was severely damaged. In 2019, Johnny filed a defamation lawsuit against his ex-wife Amber. The following year, Amber also countersued Johnny. In 2022 The court trial began in April of that year. During the litigation, public opinion began to sympathize with Johnny after the private affairs of both parties were revealed one after another. On June 1 of the same year, the Virginia State Court jury issued a verdict. All seven points in Johnny's lawsuit were established, and only one of the three points in Amber's lawsuit was successful.

Johannes Vermeer (Dutch: Johannes Vermeer, October 31, 1632 - December 15, 1675), also known as Jan Vermeer and Johan Vermeer, was a 17th-century Dutch Golden Age painter. He lived and worked in Delft, the Netherlands, and is sometimes called Vermeer van Delft. Since their rediscovery in the 19th century, Vermeer and Rembrandt are often cited together as the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Their works feature transparent color, rigorous composition, and clever use of light and shadow. Vermeer was good at accurately depicting a limited space, beautifully expressing the light and shadow effects of the object itself and the reality and texture of the characters.

Ji Yafu (1949-), Gaojia opera actor, Gong Chouxing, China's national first-class actor, representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage Gaojia opera project.

Ji Zihan (October 9, 2007 -), a mainland Chinese actress, was born in Beijing, nicknamed Wenwen, and was a child star.

Guillaume de Machaut (French: Guillaume de Machaut, approximately 1300-April 1377) was a French medieval composer and poet. He served in the courts of many nobles. He was one of the cultural celebrities of the Middle Ages and one of the main practitioners of "Ars Nova". He was known as "the last great poet who was also a composer."

Guillaume Dufay (French: Guillaume Dufay, pronounced: [ɡijom dyfa(j)i]; Dufay may also be known as Du Fay, Du Fayt; August 5, 1397 - November 27, 1474), a French-Flemish composer, a representative composer during the transitional period between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Ji Dengkui (March 17, 1923 - July 13, 1988), a native of Wuxiang, Shanxi Province, was a political figure of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China, and a former deputy national leader. Active in the middle and late stages of the "Cultural Revolution" and the "post-Mao Zedong era". He joined the Communist Party of China in April 1938. He was an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and a member of the Political Bureau of the 10th and 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He was a cadre appreciated and trained by Mao Zedong in his later years. He served as deputy leader of the Business Group of the State Council, vice premier of the State Council, leader of the Central Political and Legal Group, and a leading member of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he has been politically marginalized and marginalized; at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in February 1980, he officially resigned from all positions. After 1983, he was appointed as a ministerial-level researcher at the Rural Development Research Center of the State Council. On July 13, 1988, he died of a sudden heart attack in Beijing at the age of 65.

Ji Lianhai (January 15, 1965 -) is a history teacher at the Second Affiliated Middle School of Beijing Normal University. He graduated from Beijing Normal University. After 2005, he participated in the program recording of Baijia Forum and told the stories of historical figures such as He Shen and Ji Xiaolan on TV.

Najib Mahfouz (نجيب محفوظ, International Phonetic Alphabet: [næˈɡiːb mɑħˈfuːzˤ]; December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian novelist who is regarded as the most important Egyptian writer and one of the most important intellectuals in the Arab world. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988. He was the first Arabic writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Reason for the award: "Through a large number of meticulous works - insightful realism and arousing people's ambition - he has formed the Arabic language art that is appreciated by all mankind." Mahfouz and Tawfiq al-Hakim are contemporary Arabic literary writers who deal with existential themes. In addition to writing novels, Mahfouz also writes film scripts.

Nasir al-Din Al-Tusi (Persian: نصیر الدین طوسی Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, February 18, 1201 - June 26, 1274), whose original name was Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hassan al-Tusi (محمد بن محمد بن حسن طوسی), Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physicist, scientist, and Islamic theologian.

Nadia María Calviño Santamaría (Spanish: Nadia María Calviño Santamaría, born October 3, 1968), female, Galician, Spanish politician, economist, former Director of the European Commission’s Budget Directorate. He has been the Minister of Economy since 2018, and was promoted to concurrently serve as the Third Deputy Prime Minister (Deputy Government Chairman) in January 2020 when the second Sanchez cabinet was formed. He was promoted to the Second Deputy Prime Minister in March 2021, and became the First Deputy Prime Minister three months later.

Nadia Elena Comăneci (Romanian: Nadia Elena Comăneci, born November 12, 1961) is a Romanian female gymnast who currently lives in the United States. She won five Olympic gold medals and was the first person to score a perfect 10 in Olympic gymnastics. The international media has selected her as one of the greatest athletes of the 20th century and one of the greatest gymnasts of all time. She is also known as the "Queen of Gymnastics". Comaneci is not only excellent in gymnastics, but also talented and beautiful. In the tight time of 12 hours of gymnastics and 4 hours of school study every day, he still managed to master 5 languages ​​(Romanian, English, Spanish, French, Italian) and various knowledge.

Hosokawa Hosokawa Morihiro, born on January 14, 1938 in Tokyo, Japan, is a politician, ceramicist, and the 79th Prime Minister of the Cabinet. He was born in Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture. He is a descendant of the Warring States generals Hosokawa Tadayaki and Maeda Toshiie, and the grandson of former Prime Minister Konoe Fumimaro.

Hosoda Hiroyuki (Japanese: Hosoda Hiroyuki/, Romanized: Hosoda Hiroyuki (April 5, 1944 - November 10, 2023), a politician from the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, was born in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture. He has served as Speaker of the House of Representatives, Chief Cabinet Secretary, Minister in Charge of the Cabinet Office, Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party, and General Affairs Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was continuously elected to the House of Representatives for 11 terms from 1990 to 2023. He once belonged to the Seiwa Policy Research Association (Abe faction) within the Liberal Democratic Party and served as the faction president from 2014 to 2021.

Victor Marie Hugo (French: Victor Marie Hugo, February 26, 1802 - May 22, 1885), French writer. In a life that experienced many major events in France in the 19th century, Hugo wrote numerous poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary criticism and political articles. Representative works include "The Hunchback of Notre Dame", "1993" and "Les Misérables". In France, Hugo is mainly commemorated with poetry collections, such as "Contemplation" and "Legends of the Ages". Hugo is regarded as a representative figure of Romantic literature and the leader of the positive Romantic literary movement in the early 19th century. He is an outstanding writer in the history of French literature. In addition to literature, Hugo also created more than 4,000 paintings and actively participated in many social movements, such as the abolition of the death penalty. When he was young, Hugo tended to be royalist, but he changed over time and became an active promoter of republicanism; his works touched on current political, social and artistic trends. Hugo was buried in the Pantheon in Paris. His legacy is commemorated in various ways, including a portrait on French banknotes.

Willy Brandt (German: Willy Brandt, December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992), formerly known as Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (German: Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm), was a German politician and former Chancellor of West Germany. He was the first German Social Democratic Chancellor in Germany after 1930. During the Nazi regime, he fled to Norway and then Sweden, where he assumed the alias Willy Brandt to avoid detection by Nazi agents. Brandt maintained West Germany's close ties with the United States and worked to strengthen European integration in Western Europe, while launching new policies. The Eastern Policy aimed at improving relations with Eastern Europe. The Brandt Report has become an accepted measure of the widespread North-South divide in the world's economy and politics between the wealthy North and the poor South. Brandt was also known for his fierce anti-communist policies at home, which ended with the 1972 Act. Resigned as prime minister in 1974.

Victoria (English: Victoria; May 24, 1819 - January 22, 1901), whose real name was Alexandrina Victoria, was the Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901. She was crowned Queen of India in 1876. His reign witnessed Britain's most glorious achievements in industry, politics, science and military fields, and was accompanied by large-scale colonial expansion, and is called the Victorian era. Queen Victoria's reign lasted 63 years, longer than any previous monarch. This record was not broken until more than a century later by Elizabeth II. Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward (the fourth son of George III) and Princess Victoria from Germany. She was not the first heir to the throne, and neither of her parents were monarchs. After the death of her father and grandfather in 1820, she grew up under the strict supervision of her mother and the royal comptroller John Conroy. Since her father's three brothers had no legitimate children, Victoria became the heir to the royal family. In 1837, Victoria's uncle William IV died, Victoria succeeded to the throne and was crowned the following year. As a constitutional monarch, she tries to influence government policies and ministerial appointments in private; in public, she becomes a national symbol and is seen as the embodiment of strict personal moral standards. In 1840, Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert, who was the same age as her. Their nine children married royal nobles from various European countries, earning her the nickname "Grandmother of Europe". The later German Emperor Wilhelm II was her grandson. After the death of Prince Albert in 1861, Victoria fell into long-term mourning and avoided public activities. This secluded life caused a surge in British republicanism, but she regained the love of the people later in her reign. Its golden and diamond jubilee became a national celebration. In 1876, she was crowned the Queen of India. In January 1901, Victoria, 81, died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. As the last British monarch of the Hanoverian dynasty, his son Edward VII succeeded to the throne and started the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha dynasties.

Viola davis is an american actress. She was selected as one of Time Magazine's Top 100 People of Our Time in 2012 and 2017 respectively. In 2017, she was officially named on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She is also the first African-American actor to win a Grand Slam of acting awards, and will achieve a showbiz Grand Slam in 2023.