Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler (German: Johannes Kepler, pronounced: [joˈhanəs ˈkɛplɐ]; December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630), German astronomer and mathematician. Kepler was a key figure in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. His most well-known achievement is Kepler's laws, which are three laws extracted by later scholars based on his works "New Astronomy", "Harmony of the World", and "Summary of Copernican Astronomy". They had a great influence on Isaac Newton and inspired Newton to later come up with Newton's law of universal gravitation. Kepler worked as a mathematics teacher at a theological seminary in Graz, Austria, where he became a colleague of Prince Hans Ulrich of Eggenberg. He later became an assistant to the astronomer Tycho Brahe and eventually became royal mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II and his two successors, Matthias and Ferdinand II. He also served as a mathematics teacher and advisor to General Wallenstein in Linz, Austria. In addition, he did fundamental work in the field of optics, invented an improved refracting telescope (Kepler's telescope), and mentioned the discoveries made by Galileo using telescopes at the same time. When Kepler lived, there was no clear distinction between astronomy and astrology, but there was a clear distinction between astronomy (a branch of mathematics in the liberal arts) and physics (a branch of natural philosophy). Because of his religious beliefs, Kepler included religious arguments and reasons in his works. Because we believe that God created the world with wisdom, people can understand God's plan of creation as long as they use the light of natural reason. . Kepler described his new astronomy as "astrophysics", "a journey to Aristotle's Metaphysics", "a supplement to Aristotle's cosmology", a physical cosmology that transformed the ancient tradition by making astronomy part of general mathematical physics.