Scientists

Theodore Brewster "Ted" Taylor (English: Theodore Brewster "Ted" Taylor, July 11, 1925 - October 28, 2004) was born in Mexico. He was an American physicist who mainly studied nuclear energy.

Xie Sishen (February 18, 1942 - November 2, 2022), born in Qingdao, is a Chinese physicist and a researcher at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He entered the Department of Physics of Peking University in 1959 and graduated from the Department of Physics of Peking University in 1965 with a specialization in metal physics. Obtained a doctorate from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1983. In 2003, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2004, he was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He once served as chief scientist of the National Nanoscience Center and chief scientist of the "973" National Key Basic Research Development Plan "Nanomaterials and Nanostructures" project.

Shyamala Gopalan Harris (Tamil: கோபாலன் சியாமளா; English: Shyamala Gopalan Harris; December 7, 1938 – February 11, 2009) was an Indian-American biomedical scientist. She has isolated and characterized the progesterone receptor gene. She is also the mother of the 49th Vice President of the United States, Jinli Harris.

Jennifer Anne Doudna (English: Jennifer Anne Doudna, born February 19, 1964), American biologist, professor of chemistry and biology at the University of California, Berkeley; since 1997, she has also served as a researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). She won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier. Doudna grew up in Hilo, Hawaii. She graduated from Pomona College in 1985 and received her PhD from Harvard Medical School in 1989. In addition to her professorship at UC Berkeley, she is president and chair of the board of directors of the Innovative Genomics Institute, a faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a senior investigator at the Gladstone Institute, and a professor of cellular and molecular pharmacology at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2012, Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier first proposed that CRISPR-Cas9 (an enzyme from bacteria that controls microbial immunity) can be used for programmable editing of the genome. This has been called one of the most significant discoveries in the history of biology. Since then, Dodner has become a leader in what has been called the "CRISPR revolution" for his fundamental work and leadership in developing CRISPR-mediated genome editing.

James Batcheller Sumner (English: James Batcheller Sumner, November 19, 1887 - August 12, 1955), American chemist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946.

James Clerk Maxwell FRS FRSE (English: James Clerk Maxwell; June 13, 1831 - November 5, 1879), British physicist. His greatest contribution was the formulation of Maxwell's equations that classified electricity, magnetism, and light into electromagnetic field phenomena. Maxwell's achievements in the field of electromagnetism achieved the second unification of physics since Isaac Newton. In his paper "The Dynamic Theory of Electromagnetic Fields" published in 1864, Maxwell proposed that electric and magnetic fields propagate in space in the form of waves at the speed of light. He also proposed that light is an electromagnetic disturbance that causes many phenomena in the electric and magnetic fields of the same medium. At the same time, he theoretically predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. In addition, he also promoted the development of molecular kinetic theory, proposed the basic theory of color photography, and laid the foundation for structural stiffness analysis. It is generally believed that Maxwell was the physicist of the 19th century who had the greatest influence on the progress of physics in the early 20th century. His scientific work laid the theoretical foundation for special relativity and quantum mechanics, and was the forerunner of modern physics. It is believed that his contribution to the development of physics is second only to Galileo, Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. On the centenary of Maxwell's birth, Einstein himself praised Maxwell, saying he had made "the most profound and productive changes in physics since Newton's time."

James Cronin (English: James Cronin, September 29, 1931 - August 25, 2016), American physicist.

James Dewey Watson, an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, was one of the leaders of molecular biology in the 20th century. Together with his colleague Francis Crick, he and Maurice Wilkins won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their joint discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

James Barney Pollack (July 9, 1938 - June 13, 1994) was an American astrophysicist who worked at NASA's Ames Research Center.

Nolan Kay Bushnell (English: Nolan Kay Bushnell, February 5, 1943 -) is an American engineer and entrepreneur, the founder of Atari and Strange Mouse. He has entered the Video Game Hall of Fame and the Consumer Electronics Association Hall of Fame, is a member of BAFTA, and was selected as one of the "50 People Who Changed America" ​​by Newsweek. He has been involved in the industry since its inception and is one of the founders of electronic games. Nolan Bushnell decided to work in the video game industry because of a video game he played in college called "Space War!" 》.

Xie Yuyuan (April 19, 1924 - March 27, 2021), male, native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, born in Beijing, is a Chinese medicinal chemist, researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and former director of the institute.

Jacqueline Nina Hewitt (English: Jacqueline Nina Hewitt, born September 4, 1958) is an American astrophysicist. She was the first person to discover Einstein's rings. She is a fellow of the American Astronomical Society.

Herbert Henry Dow (English: Herbert Henry Dow, February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was a Canadian-American chemist.

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (German: Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann; February 20, 1844 - September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher. As a physicist, his greatest achievement is the development of statistical mechanics that explains and predicts the physical properties of matter (such as viscosity, heat conduction, diffusion, etc.) through atomic properties (such as atomic weight, charge, structure, etc.), and based on statistical concepts, he perfectly explained the second law of thermodynamics.

Louis Pasteur (French: Louis Pasteur, French: [lwi pastœʁ]; December 27, 1822 - September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, chemist, and one of the founders of the fields of microbiology, immunology, and fermentation technology. He is famous for using the theory of panspermia to deny the theory of spontaneous generation (theory of spontaneous generation), advocating the germ theory of disease (the theory of panspermia), and inventing vaccination methods and pasteurization. He is the first scientist to create vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is praised by the world as "the most flawless person who has entered the kingdom of science." Together with Ferdinand Cohen and Robert Koch, he pioneered bacteriology and is considered one of the founders of microbiology. He is often called the "Father of Microbiology". In 2005, French National Radio 2 held a selection event for the "Greatest Frenchman", and Pasteur ranked second, second only to Charles de Gaulle.

Deng Conghao (October 10, 1920 - January 17, 1998), male, was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province. He was a Chinese theoretical chemist and former professor and president of Shandong University. For many years, he has conducted research in two aspects: basic theory of quantum chemistry and microscopic reaction kinetic theory. He has won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award.

Deng Jiaxian (June 25, 1924 - July 29, 1986), a native of Huaining, Anhui, was a Chinese theoretical physicist, nuclear physicist, member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, member of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and member of the Jiusan Society. Deng Jiaxian graduated from the National Southwest Associated University of the Republic of China, then went to the United States to study, and received a doctorate in physics from Purdue University in 1950. Deng Jiaxian made significant contributions to the development of the atomic bomb of the People's Republic of China, and was named the "Two Bombs and One Satellite Hero" in 1999.

Guo Huadong (October 1950-), Chinese geoscientist. Born in Feng County, Jiangsu Province. Researcher at the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Department of Earth Sciences of Nanjing University in 1977, received a master's degree from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1981, and was awarded an honorary doctorate in science by Curtin University in Australia in 2009. In 2011, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In January 2018, he was elected as a member of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Guo Jingkun (November 21, 1933 - August 17, 2021), Chinese materials scientist. Born in Shanghai, native of Xinhui, Guangdong. Graduated from the Chemistry Department of Fudan University in 1958. He is a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and served as director of the institute (December 1983-May 1995) and director of the National Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Ultrastructure. He is the second chief scientist in the field of new materials of the National “863” Program. In 1991, he was elected as a member (academician) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Guo Zhengtang (1964-), born in Ying County, Shanxi Province, is a Chinese geologist.

Jin Yilian (September 1929-), male, originally from Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, was born in Tianjin. He is a Chinese computer expert and one of the pioneers of China's supercomputer industry.

Jin Yugan (December 26, 1937 - June 26, 2006), Chinese paleontologist. Born in Dongyang, Zhejiang. Graduated from Nanjing University in 1959. In 2001, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He once served as a researcher at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and vice president of the International Society of Paleontology. He has long been engaged in research on brachiopod fossils and Carboniferous and Permian strata.

Sir Chandrasekhara Raman, FRS (Hindi: चन्द्रशेखर वेङ्कट रामन्, Tamil: சந்திரசேகர வெங்கடராமன், November 7, 1888 – November 21, 1970), British Indian physicist. His pioneering work on light scattering made him the winner of the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. He discovered that when light passes through a transparent material, part of the reflected light changes wavelength, a phenomenon now known as the Raman effect. In 1954, he was awarded India's first civil honor award, the Indian National Treasure Medal.

Roger Yonchien Tsien (English: Roger Yonchien Tsien, February 1, 1952 - August 24, 2016), a Chinese-American biochemist, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry at the University of California, San Diego. He won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery and research of green fluorescent protein. Yongjian Qian is also one of the pioneers in the field of calcium imaging.