Scientists

Shen Qihan (April 27, 1922 - November 27, 2022), Chinese geologist.

Shen Tianhui (April 27, 1923 - January 2, 2011) was a Chinese semiconductor chemist.

Shen Kuo (1032-1096), whose courtesy name was Cunzhong, named himself Mengxi Zhangren, Mengxi Weng, and Anlao in his later years. He was originally from Qiantang County, Hangzhou, and settled in Wuxian County, Suzhou since childhood. He was an official in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he was a direct bachelor of Longtuge and the third envoy of Quan. Shen Kuo was born in an official family in Hangzhou. He traveled with his father in the officialdom during his childhood. After his father's death, he took care of the Shuyang bookkeeper. Shen Kuo successfully governed Shushui during his tenure, but was never promoted, so he took part in the imperial examination and passed the Suzhou Jieyuan and Jinshi examinations. He was appointed Yangzhou manager and joined the army. In Yangzhou, he was recommended by his future father-in-law Zhang Ji to serve in the imperial court in Beijing. Later, he was promoted by Wang Anshi to participate in the Xining Reform. During the reform period, Shen Kuo reformed the Tianjian, managed the Bian River, inspected the water conservancy in Zhejiang and Zhejiang, inspected the affairs of the west of Hebei Province, and went to the Liao Dynasty. With many achievements, he was highly regarded by Song Shenzong and promoted to Quan Sansi Envoy. , took over the country's financial power, but due to political disagreements, he was suspected and excluded by the New Party. Under Cai Queli's advice, Song Shenzong had to issue an edict to remove Shen Kuo and demoted him to the magistrate of Xuanzhou in the 10th year of Xining (1077). In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Shenzong of the Song Dynasty transferred Shen Kuo to the front line of the Song-Xia war and appointed him as the economic and strategic envoy of Yanyan Road. Later, he was awarded the direct bachelor's degree of Longtuge for his military merits. Soon Shen Kuo was demoted to Suizhou and placed under house arrest due to the tragic defeat of Yongle City. It was not until the death of Song Shenzong that he regained his freedom. He spent his later years in Mengxi Garden in Runzhou and was buried in Qiantang, Hangzhou. Shen Kuo was involved in a wide range of affairs throughout his life. Historians say that he was very knowledgeable and talented. He was knowledgeable about astronomy, local chronicles, laws and calendars, music, medicine, and divination, and he wrote on them all. There are only 6 types of Shen Kuo's works left today, and "Mengxi Bi Tan" is his representative work, recording what he heard throughout his life. Shen Kuo was ideologically inclined to Wang Anshi's new learning, agreed with Mencius' idea that the people valued the monarch over the people, and affirmed the creativity of the common people. In "Mengxi Bi Tan", he recorded in detail the deeds of Bi Sheng, who invented movable type printing, and Yu Hao, who compiled the "Wooden Classic", as well as inventions such as dry docks and double locks. When he was in charge of the Si Tianjian, he vigorously promoted Wei Pu, who was born as a commoner, improved astronomical instruments such as telescopes, engravings, and armillary spheres, and compiled "Feng Yuan Li" with Wei Pu. Shen Kuo also proposed the theory of soil erosion and sedimentation based on his observations in the Taihang Mountains and Yandang Mountains, inferred climate changes based on unearthed fossils, and recorded geomagnetic declination for the first time based on his own experiments. Shen Kuo also made great achievements in literature and art. He started collecting paintings and calligraphy since he was a child. He was also proficient in music theory. He recorded in detail the folk music of the time, calculated the length of the twelve-tone pipe, and explained the resonance phenomenon between musical instruments. In his later years, he kept the piano as his companion. Shen Kuo believed in fate but was not superstitious. He was particularly curious about strange things in the world and was also interested in Buddhism and Taoism.

Frank Jennings Tipler III (born February 1, 1947) is a mathematical physicist and cosmologist who currently works in the Departments of Mathematics and Physics at Tulane University.

Polykarp Kusch (January 26, 1911 - March 20, 1993) was a German-American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1955. Kusch received his undergraduate degree in physics from Case Western Reserve University in 1931 and his master's and doctoral degrees from Illinois College in 1933. After graduation, he worked as a professor at Columbia University. Ph.D. students he supervised during his time at Columbia University included Gordon Gould, who later invented the laser. Kusch taught at the University of Texas at Dallas from 1972 until his retirement in 1982.

Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (German: Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, September 17, 1826 - July 20, 1866), a German mathematician, the proposer of Riemannian geometry, the Riemann Hypothesis, and one of the founders of complex variable function theory. He made outstanding contributions in the fields of mathematical analysis, number theory, differential geometry, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Starting from the convergence of trigonometric series, Riemann proposed the Riemann integrability theory. His research on the distribution of prime numbers also laid the foundation for the discipline of analytic number theory. Riemann introduced concepts such as Riemann surfaces and Riemannian manifolds for the first time, opening up the development path of topology and differential geometry. The Riemannian geometry he established provided mathematical tools for general relativity.

Hong Guofan (December 24, 1939 -), male, native of Ningbo, Zhejiang, Chinese molecular biologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He is currently the director of the National Gene Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Hong Deyuan (January 14, 1937 -), male, native of Jixi, Anhui, is a Chinese botanist, researcher at the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (German: Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, February 22, 1857 - January 1, 1894), a German physicist, first experimentally confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves in 1887 and published a paper in 1888. He made great contributions to electromagnetism, so the SI unit of frequency, the Hertz, is named after him.

Wendell Meredith Stanley (English: Wendell Meredith Stanley, August 16, 1904 - June 15, 1971), born in Ridgeville, Indiana, was an American chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946. Known as the father of virology.

Wen Shizhu (November 2, 1932 - November 3, 2023), a mechanical expert in mainland China.

Pan Jianwei (March 11, 1970 -), male, Han nationality, native of Dongyang, Zhejiang, Chinese physicist, executive vice president and professor of University of Science and Technology of China, academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, currently Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of Jiusan Society. He has been engaged in research in the field of quantum information for many years and has achieved a series of groundbreaking research results.

Pan Wenshi (1937-), male, originally from Shantou, Guangdong, was born in Bangkok, Thailand. Chinese animal ecologist, professor at the School of Life Sciences of Peking University, director of the Giant Panda and Wildlife Conservation Center, and director of the Chongzuo Biodiversity Research Base.

Edward Lawrie Tatum (English: Edward Lawrie Tatum, December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975), American geneticist. He and George Wells Biddle won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery that genes are regulated by specific chemical processes. The other half of the award went to Joshua Lederberg.

Edward Osborne Wilson (English: Edward Osborne Wilson, June 10, 1929 - December 26, 2021), American entomologist, naturalist and biologist. He is particularly known for his research in ecology, evolutionary biology, and sociobiology. Known as "Darwin's natural heir", "Father of Sociobiology" and "Father of Biodiversity". The subject of his research is ants, specifically the way ants communicate through pheromones.

Wang Yening (October 14, 1926 - February 22, 2019), female, native of Lu'an, Anhui, was born in Anqing, Anhui, a Chinese condensed matter physicist and educator, and a professor at the School of Physics of Nanjing University.

Wang Dongming (July 1961-) is a distinguished professor of the sixth batch of "Changjiang Scholars" of the Ministry of Education of China and an academician of the European Academy of Sciences. He has published many monographs and more than 100 papers.

Wang Fusong (May 23, 1933 - December 31, 2022), male, from Xingning, Guangdong, was a Chinese polymer chemist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and former vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang Wei (December 25, 1937 - January 26, 2023), a Chinese semiconductor optoelectronics expert. Born in Wen'an, Hebei. Graduated from the Department of Physics of Peking University in 1960, majoring in semiconductor physics. Researcher at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1997, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang Kui (May 7, 1928 - July 6, 2025), male, born in Tianjin, was a Chinese inorganic chemist and professor at Peking University School of Medicine.

Wang Dacheng (June 11, 1940 - September 19, 2025), male, born in Chengdu, Sichuan, was a Chinese molecular biophysicist, researcher at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang Debao (May 7, 1918 - November 1, 2002), male, was born in Taixing, Jiangsu Province, a Chinese biochemist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang Wencai (June 5, 1926 - November 16, 2022), a native of Yexian, Shandong, was a Chinese plant taxonomist, a researcher at the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a member of the China Democratic League. Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Academician Wang Wencai took the lead in compiling the "Illustrated Book of Higher Plants of China" and was also one of the main contributors to some volumes of "Flora of China". A total of 28 new genera and about 1,370 new species were published.

Wang Zeshan (October 10, 1935 -), born in Jilin City, Jilin Province, is an expert in energetic materials, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and currently a professor at Nanjing University of Science and Technology.