Ayn Rand

Alice O'Connor (English: Alice O'Connor, also translated as Alice O'Connor, February 2, 1905 - March 6, 1982), formerly known as Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum (Russian: Алиса Зиновьевна Розенбаум, Romanized: Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum, pen name Ayn Rand (or translated as Ayn Rand, Ayn Rand), is a Russian-American writer and philosopher, famous for publishing novels and developing a philosophical system she calls "Objectivism". She was born and educated in Russia and immigrated to the United States in 1926. She wrote a play that opened on Broadway in 1935. She rose to fame with the publication of her novel "The Fountainhead" in 1943 and one of her most famous books, "Atlas Shrugged" in 1957. In her later years, she turned to non-fiction works to promote her philosophical ideas, and published journals and essay collections until her death in 1982. She advocated reason as the only way to gain knowledge; she rejected faith and religion. She supports rational and moral egoism and rejects altruism. Politically, she condemned the use of force as immoral and opposed collectivism, statism, and anarchism. Instead, she supports laissez-faire capitalism, which she defines as a system based on the recognition of individual rights, including private property rights. Although she opposed what she considered anarchist libertarianism, she is often associated with the modern American libertarian movement. In art, she advocated Romantic realism. She was highly critical of most philosophers and philosophical traditions she knew, with the exception of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and the classical liberals. Her novels have received mixed reviews from literary critics. Although scholarly interest in her ideas has increased since her death, academic philosophers have generally ignored or rejected her philosophy because of her oppositional (discursive) approach and lack of methodological rigor. Her writings have politically influenced a number of libertarians and conservatives. The Objectivist movement attempted to spread her ideas to the public and academic circles. Her philosophy and novels emphasize the concepts of individualism, rational egoism (rational egoism)