Scientists

Wang Dianzuo (March 23, 1934 - October 25, 2023), male, native of Linghai, Liaoning, Chinese mineral engineer, professor of Central South University, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, foreign academician of the American Academy of Engineering, former vice president of Central South University President, President, President of Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, Executive Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Senior Academic Advisor to the General Manager of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation, Vice Chairman of the China Nonferrous Metals Society, Chairman of the Mineral Processing Academic Committee, Chairman of the International Mineral Processing Council, etc.

Wang Lijun (July 13, 1946 -), male, from Shulan, Jilin, is an expert in laser and optoelectronics technology in China, a researcher at the Changchun Institute of Optics, Precision Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang Buxuan (February 5, 1922 - August 31, 2019), male, native of Wuxi, Jiangsu, was a Chinese thermal engineering, heat and mass transfer, and engineering thermodynamicist, and a professor at Tsinghua University.

Wang Dingsheng (1940-), male, native of Nanchuan, Chongqing, Chinese physicist, researcher at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Martha Cowles Chase (English: Martha Cowles Chase, August 8, 1927 - August 27, 2003) was an American biologist. The Hirsch-Case experiment conducted with Alfred Hirsch proved that DNA was the genetic material, which was one of the most important discoveries in biology in the 20th century.

Ben A. Barres (English: Ben A. Barres, September 13, 1954 - December 27, 2017) was a neurobiologist at Stanford University in the United States. His research focuses on the interactions between neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. Since 2008, he has served as chair of the Department of Neurobiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He came out as a transgender man in 1997 and in 2013 became the first openly transgender scientist at the National Academy of Sciences.

John Richard Gott III (English: John Richard Gott III, born February 8, 1947) is an American astrophysicist and professor at Princeton University. He is known for his views on time travel and doomsday arguments. Paul Davis's book "How to Build a Time Machine" is based on Gott's theory of cosmic strings to build a time machine.

Richard Edward Taylor (English: Richard Edward Taylor, November 2, 1929 - February 22, 2018) was a Canadian-American physicist.

Richard Phillips Feynman, an American theoretical physicist, is world-famous for his research on the path integral expression of quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and molecular models in particle physics. For their contributions to quantum electrodynamics, Feynman shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics with Julian Schwinger and Shinichiro Tomonaga.

Lynn Ann Conway (January 2, 1938 – June 9, 2024) was an American computer scientist, electrical engineer, and transgender rights activist. She worked at IBM in the 1960s and invented generalized dynamic instruction processing, a key technological advance in out-of-order execution and used by the vast majority of modern computer processors to improve performance. Subsequently, she launched the Med-Conway VLSI chip design revolution in the field of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI). This technological revolution spread rapidly to research universities and the computer industry in the 1980s, spawning the emerging electronic design automation (EDA) industry, spawning the fab infrastructure for modern chip design and production, and launching a series of far-reaching high-tech startups in the 1980s and 1990s.

Linda Brown Buck (English: Linda Brown Buck, January 29, 1947 -), American biologist, she won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Richard Axel for her outstanding research on olfactory receptors.

Mary-Dell Chilton (English: Mary-Dell Chilton, February 2, 1939 - June 24, 2026) was an American molecular biologist and a pioneer in plant genetic engineering. She won the World Food Prize in 2013.

Val Logsdon Fitch (English: Val Logsdon Fitch, March 10, 1923 - February 5, 2015), American physicist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics together with James Cronin in 1980 for the discovery of symmetry violation in the decay of neutral K mesons.

Gan Zizhao (April 16, 1938 -), male, Xinyiren, Guangdong, Chinese physicist, professor at Peking University and director of the Institute of Solid State Physics, chief expert of the National Superconducting Expert Committee, and chief scientist of the national "973" project.

Shen Panwen (September 7, 1916 - July 4, 2017), native of Conghua, Guangdong, was born in Jilin City, Jilin Province. He is a Chinese inorganic chemist and a professor at the School of Chemistry of Nankai University. He once served as the dean of the Chemistry Department of Shanxi University and the director of the Academic Committee of the Institute of New Energy Materials Chemistry of Nankai University.

Leucippus (Greek: Λεύκιππος) (500 BC to 440 BC), an ancient Greek philosopher, was the first to propose atomic theory (everything is composed of atoms) and was the teacher of Democritus.

Pierre Curie (French: Pierre Curie, French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ kyʁi]; May 15, 1859 - April 19, 1906) was a French physicist and chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the radioactive element radium.

Pierre de Fermat (French: Pierre de Fermat, 1601 - January 12, 1665), also translated as Fermat, was a French lawyer and amateur mathematician (also known as the master of mathematics and the king of amateur mathematicians). His achievements in mathematics are no less than those of professional mathematicians. He seems to be most interested in number theory, and he also contributed to the establishment of modern calculus.

Dame Valerie Jane Morris Goodall, DBE, was a British primatologist and anthropologist considered a pioneer in primate ethology, best known for her long-term observational studies of social and family behavior in wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania.

Mildred Dresselhaus (English: Mildred Dresselhaus, November 1, 1930 - February 20, 2017), also translated as "Dresselhaus", "Mrs. Dresselhaus", American physicist, semiconductor materials scientist, nanoscientist, chief professor of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and chief professor of the Department of Physics (Institute Professor), served as president of the American Physical Society, president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and science and technology advisor to the U.S. Department of Energy during the Clinton administration. The scientific community respected her as the "queen of carbon science." Mrs. Treehouse has received many awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, the Enrico Fermi Award, the Kavli Award, the Vannevar Bush Award, etc. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Chemical Society, the Materials Research Society of America, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Joshua Bengio OC OQ OBE FRS FRSC (French: Yoshua Bengio, born March 5, 1964) is a Canadian computer scientist known for his research in artificial neural networks and deep learning. His most famous work is the neural probabilistic language model, ReLU and attention mechanism. He is a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Operations Research at the University of Montreal and Scientific Director of the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms. Bengio, together with Jeffrey Hinton and Likun Yang, received the 2018 Turing Award in recognition of their contributions to deep learning. These three people are sometimes called the "Godfathers of AI" and the "Godfathers of Deep Learning."

Joseph Hooton Taylor (English: Joseph Hooton Taylor, born March 29, 1941), American physicist. Current amateur radio operator, call sign K1JT, and has contributed to modern amateur radio. He and Russell Hulls jointly discovered the first pulsar in history, PSR B1913+16, located in a binary star system, and through in-depth research on it, they discovered indirect quantitative evidence for the existence of gravitational waves for the first time, which was an important verification of Einstein's general theory of relativity. For this, Taylor and Hulse won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Joseph Edward Murray (April 1, 1919 – November 26, 2012) was an American surgeon who performed the first successful organ transplant between twins. In 1990, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his "research on human organ and cell transplantation".

Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, CH, DBE, FRS, FRSE, FRAS (English: Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, July 15, 1943 -), born Susan Jocelyn Bell (Susan Jocelyn Bell), British astrophysicist, born in Belfast. While a graduate student, she discovered the first pulsar using a radio telescope with Anthony Hewish. She is now director of the British Physical Society. He has served as President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh since October 2014. This discovery was recognized with the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics, but although she was the first person to discover a pulsar, she was not one of the prize's recipients. There are five authors of the document on the discovery of pulsars, with Anthony Hewish ranking first and Jocelyn Bell Burnell second. Dr. Hewish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Dr. Martin Ryle, but Bell was not included in the Nobel Prize list as a co-investigator. Many prominent astronomers criticized Bell's omission, including Hewish's fellow astronomer Hoyle. The Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics in its press release, citing Lyell and Hewish for their pioneering work in astrophysics, specifically mentioning Lyell for his work on aperture synthesis techniques, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars. Dr. Joseph Shklovsky (winner of the Bruce Prize in 1972) told her at the 1970 International Astronomical Union Congress: "Miss Bell, you have made the greatest astronomical discovery of the 20th century." In 2018, she won the Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. After the award was announced, she decided to donate the entire £2.3 million prize to female, minority ethnic and refugee students who want to become physics researchers, with the funds to be administered by the British Physical Society. The resulting assistantship program was called the Bell Burnell Graduate Scholarship Fund.