Scholars

Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati (English: Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati, born July 26, 1934) is an Indian-American economist and one of the most influential trade theorists of his generation. He is a University Professor of Economics and Law at Columbia University and a Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations. He made significant contributions to international trade theory and economic development. Bhagwati is widely regarded as the intellectual father of India's 1991 economic reforms. He is the only person in American academia to have a professor named after him while he was still teaching at the university. He is one of only 10 scholars at Columbia University to hold the title of school-level professor. Bhagwati has received several prestigious awards, including the Order of the Rising Sun, the Padma Shri, the Frank Seidman Prize for Excellence in Political Economy, and the Swiss Freedom Prize. In 2014, the Financial Times called him "one of the most outstanding economists of his generation who has never won a Nobel Prize." His peers, including Nobel laureate Paul Kluman, agree. “For me, the key point is that it was not clear at all how the distortions in the trade economy related to policy until Jagdish put it out there. Once he did, it became so clear that it was hard to believe that someone had to point it out. To me, that makes his work Nobel Prize worthy.”

Reinhard Selten (German: Reinhard Selten, October 5, 1930 - August 23, 2016), professor at the University of Bonn, Germany, mathematician, economist, and Esperanto speaker. Won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.

Herbert Alexander Simon (English: Herbert Alexander Simon, June 15, 1916 - February 9, 2001), known as Sima He in Chinese, was an American scholar, computer scientist and psychologist. His research fields include cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management and philosophy of science. He was the winner of the 1975 Turing Award and the 1978 Nobel Prize in Economics.

Zhao Jingshen (April 25, 1902 - January 7, 1985), alias Xu Chu, pen names Zou Xiao, Bu Menglong, Leng Yan, Tao Mingzhi, Bo Dong, Ms. Luming, Zou Xiaolu, etc., male, native of Yibin, Sichuan, born in Lishui, Zhejiang. Chinese writer, translator, publisher, and member of the Literary Research Association.

Zhao Fan (February 7, 1851 - September 26, 1927), also known as Yuecun, also known as Jie'an, also known as Jiaoxian, and his late name was Old Man Shi. Bai nationality, a native of Beizhai, Xianghu Village, Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province, is a modern Chinese scholar, poet and calligrapher. In 1875 (the first year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he was elected as a member of the imperial examination. He once served as an official in Zhitai, Sichuan, and as an envoy to South Sichuan Province. He died of illness in his residence in Kunming on September 26, 1927, at the age of 76.

Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (German: Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises, September 29, 1881 - October 10, 1973) was an Austrian-Jewish American national, economist, historian, philosopher, writer, and one of the main representatives of market liberalism. He was also a scholar who actively promoted the revival of some ideas of classical liberalism, and is regarded as the founder of neoliberalism. He is also known as the "Dean of the Austrian School of Economics." The theories he created also influenced many famous economists, such as Friedrich Hayek and Murray Rothbard. Mises's economic ideas had a great influence on the rise of laissez-faire capitalism in the mid-twentieth century. In 1982, the Mises Institute was established as an institution for the study and promotion of free market capitalism.

Xin Haonian (November 2, 1947 -), whose real name is Gao Erpin, was born in Chaoxian County, Anhui Province. He was born in Nanjing and now lives in the United States. A former writer, he served as Vice Chairman of the Youth Federation of Anhui Province of the People's Republic of China. In 1994, he went to the United States to study modern Chinese history. He changed his name to "Xin Hao Nian", which is homophonic to "Xin Hai Nian". In 1999, he published his masterpiece "Who is New China" and gave lectures throughout the country. He is a representative figure of the pro-Republic of China faction among scholars in the United States. He advocates the Three People's Principles and the restoration of the mainland by the Republic of China, and participated in the founding of the Association for the Restoration of the Republic of China.

Michael Robert Kremer (English: Michael Robert Kremer, November 12, 1964 - ), American development economist. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Social Studies from Harvard University in 1985 and a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics in 1992. He served as a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1992 to 1993, as a visiting professor at the University of Chicago in the spring of 1993, and as a professor from 1993 to 1999. Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University since 1999. Kramer focuses on philanthropy and strives to help working people around the world. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship and the Presidential Research Award, and was nominated as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum. Kramer is a fellow at the Institute for Innovative Poverty Action, where he develops and evaluates solutions to social and international development problems. He is also a member of Do Our Best, a global poverty alleviation organization, and founded WorldTeach, which leads Harvard students and recent graduates to participate in summer and one-year projects to teach in developing countries around the world. Kramer also proposed advanced market commitments, establishing incentives to encourage developing countries to develop and use vaccines, and using randomized trials to evaluate social science interventions. The economic theory of complementary skills he proposed is called the circle theory of economic development. Kramer put forward the most convincing explanation for the phenomenon of hyperbolic population growth in the world system and the economic mechanism of demographic transition that was observed as early as the early 1970s. He presented his research results in the field of human capital at the Center for International Development's Development Week in 2010. Cramer is one of the winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics.

Michael J. Sandel (English: Michael J. Sandel, March 5, 1953 -), also translated as Shen Dale, is an American political philosopher, professor of political philosophy at Harvard University, academician of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a representative figure of communitarianism. He is famous for his popular online Harvard University open course "Justice" and his criticism of John Rawls's "A Theory of Justice" in his 1982 book "Liberalism and the Limits of Justice."

Douglas Warren Diamond (October 25, 1953 -) graduated from the University of Chicago Business School. He specializes in financial intermediation, financial crises and liquidity. He is a past president of the American Finance Association. He is also a member of the Western Finance Association, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Finance Association. He is one of the originators of the Diamond Diebwig model. In 2022, Diamond, along with Ben Bernanke and Philip Dibweg, won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for their "contributions to the study of banking and financial crises."

Deng Weizhi (November 1938-), a native of Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province, is a Chinese sociologist, a tenured professor at Shanghai University, a doctoral supervisor, and a member of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy. He served as a member of the Standing Committee of the 7th Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party and vice chairman of the 8th, 9th and 10th Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party. Graduated from the Department of Industry and Trade of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences in 1960.

Ying Fuk-tsang (English: Ying Fuk-tsang, January 28, 1966 -) is a scholar of religious history who has been engaged in research on Chinese Christianity and contemporary China's church-state relations for many years. From August 2014 to July 2020, he served as the Dean of the Theological School of Chung Chi College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retire from Chinese University at the end of December 2023. From January 2024, he will serve as a National Science Council Research Scholar at the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica.

Hao Jiming (August 25, 1946 -), male, Han nationality, native of Liangshan, Shandong Province, Chinese environmental engineering expert, dean of the Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University, professor, and doctoral supervisor.

Kim Young-han (Korean: Younghan Kim/Kim Young-han; October 18, 1946 -) is a professor, theologian, and former Minister of Economic Affairs of the Republic of Korea. He is a famous scholar in Korea. He founded the Korean Reformed Theological Society in 1996 and served as its first, second and third president. He established the Department of Christian Studies at Soongsil University and served as the first, second, third, fifth and sixth director. He served as a professor in the Department of Systematic Theology and Christian Philosophy at Soongsil University for 34 years. He is the founder of Christiana College and has served as its president since 1988. He founded the civic organization Sharona Buni in 2010 and has been its chairman since then. He has contributed more than 30 articles in the "Korean Evangelical Theological Society" (Bible and Theology) column. He has published more than 20 books on systematic theology and Christian philosophy, and he has researched and contributed to the fields of catechism, modern theology, hermeneutics, Christian culture, and Christian spirituality. He is the president of the Korean Evangelical Theological Society, the Korean Hermeneutical Association (2004-2006), the Christian Philosophical Association (2006-2012), and the Korean Reformed Theological Society.

Qian Liqun (January 30, 1939 -), researcher and writer of modern Chinese literature, postgraduate in culture, non-partisan. One of the most representative humanities scholars since the 1980s. In 2002, he retired from Peking University with the senior title of professor. He has written many books and essays focusing on Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren. He had a rough early life and studied in middle age, studying under Wang Yao. He became famous in the academic world for his research on modern literature. Especially the Zhou brothers worked very hard and had a profound influence. Over the years, he has paid attention to the development of Chinese culture, society and education. In 1998, he was named the first among the "Top Ten Teachers of Peking University" by students on the anniversary of Peking University. Since 2009, he has been a chair professor of the National Science Council of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China.

Qian Mu (July 30, 1895 - August 30, 1990), whose original name was Qian Enzhen and whose courtesy name was Binsi, was a historian, philosopher and writer born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He was also a descendant of the Qian family in Wuyue. He is the co-founder of New Asia College, New Asia Research Institute and New Asia Secondary School in Hong Kong. Qian Mu promoted traditional Chinese culture throughout his life and held high the banner of modern New Confucianism, which had a huge influence at home and abroad. He has written prolifically, with more than 80 monographs. Therefore, he, together with Lu Simian, Chen Yuan and Chen Yinke, are called China's "Four Great Historians (Modern)". In 1968, he served as an academician of the Humanities and Social Sciences Group of Academia Sinica.

Qian Zhongshu (November 21, 1910 - December 19, 1998), whose original name was Yangxian, also given the courtesy name Zheliang, was later renamed Zhongshu, given the courtesy name Mocun, and given the pseudonym Huaiju. He once used the pen name Zhongshujun. He was a writer and scholar from Wuxi, Jiangsu.

The alchemist Cleopatra (date of birth and death unknown, lived in the 3rd or 4th century), also known as Cleopatra the Goldsmith, was an Egyptian female alchemist and philosopher. She was an alchemical experimenter, studying the weight and other measurements of substances in an attempt to quantify alchemical experiments. Her text was still used in the late Middle Ages and was consulted by other alchemists. Rumor has it that the alchemist Cleopatra was one of the alchemists who successfully discovered the Philosopher's Stone.

Alfred Charles Kinsey (June 23, 1894 - August 25, 1956), also known as Kinsey, was an American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and researcher of human sexuality in the 20th century. He is best known for his publications Male Sexuality and Female Sexuality, collectively known as the Kinsey Reports, and the Kinsey Scales. Kinsey's research on human sexuality laid the foundation for the field of sexology. His research has influenced social and cultural values ​​in the United States and around the world. Kinsey attended Columbia College in his early years, and was later forced to attend Stevens Institute of Technology to study engineering for two years under pressure from his father. Finally, in 1914, despite his father's objections, he transferred to Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, where he majored in biology. Two years later he completed his studies in biology and psychology with honors. He then continued his graduate studies at Harvard University's Bosch Institute. In 1919, he completed his doctoral thesis on gall wasps and was awarded a doctorate in natural sciences by Harvard University. Kinsey was officially appointed as an assistant professor in the Department of Zoology at Indiana University in 1920. In 1926, he published a widely used textbook - "An Introduction to Biology". Promoted to professor 3 years after publication. In 1938, a committee was set up to take charge of and organize the newly launched marriage courses, and three of the lectures were reserved for himself to teach. This also became the motivation for his sexual research. After years of investigation, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" and "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" were finally published in 1948 and 1953 respectively, which caused a sensation and put Kinsey on the cover of Time magazine in 1953. However, the content of the research caused a lot of controversy. He later founded a sexology institute at Indiana University in 1947, now known as the Kinsey Center for the Study of Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. Kinsey was bisexual and married MacMillan in June 1921. His personal interests include gardening and piano playing. In the early days, he would invite colleagues from the university to watch his piano performances.

Abba P. Lerner, full name Abraham "Abba" Ptachya Lerner (English: October 28, 1903 - October 27, 1982), also known as Abba Psachia Lerner (English: Abba Psachia Lerner), was a British economist born in Russia. Abba P. Lerner was born on October 28, 1903 and grew up in a Jewish family in Bessarabia, Russian Empire. The family immigrated to England when Abba P. Lerner was 3 years old, and subsequently lived in the East End of London. Abba Lerner has worked as a machinist, a Hebrew school teacher, and an entrepreneur since he was 16 years old. In 1929, Lerner entered the London School of Economics and studied under Friedrich Hayek; Lerner stayed in Cambridge for six months from 1934 to 1935, during which he met John Maynard Keynes. In 1937, Lerner immigrated to the United States, where he met his future academic rivals Milton Friedman and Bailey Goldwater. Lerner did not stay at any particular academic institution for long, but he served on the faculty of more than a dozen institutions and accepted more than twenty visiting appointments. In 1965, when Lerner was 62 years old, Lerner was awarded the title of professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Since then, Lerner worked at Berkeley for six years until he reached the mandatory retirement age. While at Berkeley, Lerner criticized the unrest created by students' free speech movements that threatened academic freedom. Although he never won the Nobel Prize in Economics, Lerner is considered one of the greatest economists of his time.

Ammonius Sakas (Greek: Ἀμμώνιος Σακκᾶς, 175–242) was a philosopher from Alexandria who was active in the 3rd century AD and is often considered the founder of Neoplatonism. He was famous as the teacher of the statesman Plotinus from 232 to 243 years.

Abhijit Vinayak, Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee (born February 21, 1961) is an Indian-American development economist and Ford Foundation Professor of International Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He co-founded the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Alleviation Action Research Institute with economists Esther Duflo and Sendhir Mullaitdan. In 2019, Banerjee won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Avinash Kamalakar Dixit (English: Avinash Kamalakar Dixit, born August 6, 1944) is an Indian-American economist. He is the John J. F. Sherider '52 University Professor Emeritus of Economics at Princeton University, and has served as Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Economics at Lingnan University in Hong Kong, Senior Fellow at Nuffield College, University of Oxford, and Sanjaya Lehr Senior Visiting Fellow at Green Templeton College, University of Oxford.

Amos Nathan Tversky (English: Amos Nathan Tversky, Hebrew: עמוס טברסקי, March 16, 1937 - June 2, 1996), was born in Haifa, Israel. He was a famous cognitive psychologist and mathematical psychologist, and a pioneer in cognitive science. He has long collaborated with Daniel Kahneman to develop prospect theory, which studies human cognitive biases and how to deal with risks.