Juan Peron

Juan Domingo Perón (Spanish: Juan Domingo Perón, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxwan doˈmiŋɡo peˈɾon]; October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine soldier and politician who served as President of Argentina three times (he is Argentina's second-longest-serving president so far, and the first president elected by universal suffrage of men and women) and once as de facto vice-president. He founded the Justice Party with his wife Eva Peron and led the Peronist movement. He participated in the April 3rd Revolution, which ended the infamous decade. After establishing an alliance with the Socialists and Revolutionary Syndicalists, he served successively as Director of National Labor, Secretary of the Secretariat of Labor and Welfare, Minister of War, and Vice President of Argentina. As National Labor Director and Secretary General of Labor, he took measures that benefited the labor sector and brought labor laws into effect, promoting the collective bargaining system, rural labor regulations, labor tribunals and extension of the retirement system to commercial employees. These measures gained support from the labor movement and opposition from the business sector, high-income earners, and US Ambassador Spruill Braden, triggering a widespread anti-Peronist movement after 1945. In October of that year, an internal coup forced his resignation and his subsequent arrest, which triggered a workers' march on October 17, 1945, demanding Peron's release. That year, he married María Eva Duarte, who played an important political role during Perón's presidency. He was elected president in the 1946 election. Later, he consolidated the three political parties that supported him into the United Revolutionary Party (Partido Único de la Revolución), which was later renamed the Peronist Party. Following the 1949 constitutional amendment, he was re-elected in the 1951 Argentine presidential election. In addition to continuing to pursue policies that benefited marginalized groups, his government also implemented nationalization and industrialization policy lines, especially in the textile industry, metallurgy, defense industry, transportation industry, and foreign trade. In the context of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, he chose the third position. During Peron's last year in power, conflicts with the Catholic Church intensified conflicts between Peronists and anti-Peronists, and as a result, the government intensified its persecution of the opposition and opposition media. Peron was overthrown in September 1955 after a series of violent acts by anti-Peronist civil and military groups, notably the 1955 Plaza de Mayo bombing.