Lance Armstrong

Lance Edward Armstrong (English: Lance Edward Armstrong, September 18, 1971 -, born Lance Edward Gunderson), is an American former professional road bicycle racer. He won seven consecutive Tour de France championships from 1999 to 2005 by taking performance-enhancing banned substances. In 2012, all results since August 1998 were canceled and banned for life. Armstrong began participating in triathlons at the age of 16 and won domestic championships in the United States in 1989 and 1990. He started his career as a professional cyclist in 1992 with the Motorola team and achieved good results between 1993 and 1996, including the 1993 World Road Cycling Championship, the 1995 San Sebastian Classic, the 1995 and 1996 Dupont Race champions, and stage wins in some European events, including stage 8 of the 1993 Tour de France and stage 18 of the same event in 1995. In 1996, he was diagnosed with potentially fatal malignant metastatic testicular cancer. After recovering, he established the Lance Armstrong Foundation (renamed the Livestrong Foundation in 2012). He returned to racing in 1998 and was a member of the U.S. Postal Service Cycling Team/Discovery Channel Cycling Team from 1998 to 2005. During this time, he won seven Tour de France titles and a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Announced his retirement in 2005. But he came back in 2009, joined the Astana team, and won third place in the Tour de France that year. In 2010 and 2011, he raced with the RadioShack team he helped found. Retired again in 2011. Armstrong has been suspected of doping since the 1999 Tour de France. In August 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Organization (United StatesDA) concluded that Armstrong's long-term use of a banned drug (erythropoietin EPO) was the culprit of "the most sophisticated, professional and successful doping program ever seen in the sports world." Therefore, Armstrong was deprived of his results after August 1, 1998, including seven Tour de France titles (the Sydney Olympic bronze medal was awarded by the International Olympic Committee on January 17, 2013