People Library

Josip Broz Tito (Serbian Cyrillic: Јосип Броз Тито, Serbian Latin, Croatian: Josip Broz Tito; May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980), whose real name was Josip Broz (Serbian Cyrillic: Јосип Броз, Serbian Latin alphabet, Croatian: Josip Broz), commonly known as Tito (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet: Тито, Serbian Latin alphabet, Croatian: Tito), Yugoslav revolutionary and politician, General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist League of Yugoslavia, President and Prime Minister of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and Marshal of Yugoslavia. He has been in power in Yugoslavia for 36 years. Although his reign has been criticized as authoritarian or dictatorial, some describe him as a benevolent dictator, and his personal image is often seen as a symbol of the unity of the ethnic groups within the Yugoslav federation. He was also one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement and worked with Indian Prime Minister Nehru and Egyptian President Nasser. His political ideology is known as Titoism.

Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, CH, DBE, FRS, FRSE, FRAS (English: Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell, July 15, 1943 -), born Susan Jocelyn Bell (Susan Jocelyn Bell), British astrophysicist, born in Belfast. While a graduate student, she discovered the first pulsar using a radio telescope with Anthony Hewish. She is now director of the British Physical Society. He has served as President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh since October 2014. This discovery was recognized with the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics, but although she was the first person to discover a pulsar, she was not one of the prize's recipients. There are five authors of the document on the discovery of pulsars, with Anthony Hewish ranking first and Jocelyn Bell Burnell second. Dr. Hewish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Dr. Martin Ryle, but Bell was not included in the Nobel Prize list as a co-investigator. Many prominent astronomers criticized Bell's omission, including Hewish's fellow astronomer Hoyle. The Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics in its press release, citing Lyell and Hewish for their pioneering work in astrophysics, specifically mentioning Lyell for his work on aperture synthesis techniques, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars. Dr. Joseph Shklovsky (winner of the Bruce Prize in 1972) told her at the 1970 International Astronomical Union Congress: "Miss Bell, you have made the greatest astronomical discovery of the 20th century." In 2018, she won the Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. After the award was announced, she decided to donate the entire £2.3 million prize to female, minority ethnic and refugee students who want to become physics researchers, with the funds to be administered by the British Physical Society. The resulting assistantship program was called the Bell Burnell Graduate Scholarship Fund.

John Brian Taylor (December 8, 1946-), an expert on U.S. monetary policy.

John H.D. Anderson (English: John H.D. Anderson, September 26, 1726 - January 13, 1796) was a Scottish natural philosopher.

John Middleton Clayton (July 24, 1796 - November 9, 1856), American politician, served as Secretary of State (1849-1850). He was born in Dagosboro, Delaware. After graduating from Yale University, he became a lawyer. Elected to the Senate in 1829. During his tenure as Secretary of State, in 1850 he signed a treaty with Bulwer, the British ambassador to the United States, and reached an agreement of "equal interests" on the issue of canal construction in Central America. They agreed not to seize colonies in Central America and jointly controlled the future canal. In 1901, the Clayton-Bulva Treaty was replaced by the Sea-Ponsford Treaty, giving the United States control of the Panama Canal.

John Denver (English: John Denver, December 31, 1943 - October 12, 1997), formerly known as Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr. Jr., is an American country music singer and songwriter who became popular in the 1970s with many popular songs. He recorded and released more than 300 songs, about half of which were composed by him. In 1977, he was called the "Poet Laureate of Colorado." After China's reform and opening up in 1979, when Deng Xiaoping visited the United States, Denver performed a welcome performance wearing a cowboy hat at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington. Soon John Denver also visited mainland China and held a concert tour. After his trip to mainland China, he composed the song "Shanghai Breezes" (Shanghai Breezes). John Denver is also one of the most familiar American country music singers to mainland Chinese audiences. Denver loves nature very much. He is a member of the Wildlife Conservation Society and has held many charity concerts to raise funds for it. He also established the Tree Planting Until 2000 Foundation (PLANT-IT 2000). By the year 2000 AD, participants had planted at least 20 million native plants around the world. On the other hand, Denver's songs are full of a deep and unchanging love for nature, such as the single "Take Me Home, Country Roads" and other popular pop songs. On October 12, 1997, Denver died in a plane crash at the age of 53.

John Daniel Kraus is an American electromagnetic and antenna researcher and theoretical educator. He has co-authored many textbooks in the field of radio waves with many scholars.

John Huston is an American film screenwriter, director and actor. He won the Academy Award for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay for 1948's "The Big Blue", and also won two Golden Globe Awards for Best Director. Houston served in the U.S. Army during World War II, reaching the rank of colonel and receiving the Medal of Merit.

Johann Christian Bach (German: Johann Christian Bach; September 5, 1735 - January 1, 1782) was born in Leipzig, Germany and died in London, England. Johann Sebastian Bach's youngest son (eleventh), born to his second wife Wilke. J.C. Bach is the only important opera composer in the Bach family and a great keyboard player. He is one of the earliest piano concerto writers. His works are in a typical classical style, with rigorous structure and elegant melody. He also made a significant contribution to the development of symphonies. Because he has lived in London for a long time, J.C. Bach is often called "British Bach" or "London Bach". He and Carl Friedrich Abel formed the "Abel and Bach Concert", which also had a profound influence on the formation of Mozart's music style.

Hendrik Johannes "Johan" Cruijff (Dutch: [ˈjoːɦɑn ˈkrœyf] , April 25, 1947 - March 24, 2016), was a famous Dutch footballer. He won the European Footballer of the Year three times and led the Dutch team to a World Cup runner-up and a European Cup third place. After retiring, he became a football coach and also achieved extremely high achievements. He is one of the most legendary superstars in the world of football. He was voted sixth among the greatest Dutchmen in 2004, behind Erasmus who was ranked fifth. He had been a heavy smoker since his playing days, which caused him to have severe heart and lung function problems in his early forties. He finally died of lung cancer on March 24, 2016, at the age of 68. He was the first player to pass away in the 1974 World Cup finals. Another distinctive feature of Cruyff is that he often wore the No. 14 jersey that was extremely rare at the time: Until the 1990s, football players often did not use specific back numbers. Instead, jerseys No. 1 to 11 were given to the starting players when the lineup was announced before the game (and in Cruyff's position, he should be No. 9 or No. 11). And he did wear the No. 9 jersey in the early days of his debut (he later transferred to Barcelona. At that time, La Liga stipulated that starting players must wear Nos. 1 to 11, and he also wore No. 9 during this period). However, in the Eredivisie game against the archrival PSV on October 30, 1970, his teammate Gerrie Mühren couldn't find his No. 7 jersey before the start of the game. After Cruyff gave him his No. 9 jersey, he grabbed a No. 14 jersey used by the substitute players and went into battle. In the end, Ajax won a thrilling 1-0. After that, Cruyff began to use this lucky number with the acquiescence of the Dutch Football Association, and also brought this habit to the national team: when the 1974 World Cup During the World Cup, when the Dutch team wanted to allocate jersey numbers before the game and submitted the list to FIFA, head coach Michels originally planned to sort it by English letters, and Cruyff, who started with C, should be the No. 1 in the team in this order, but he insisted on choosing the No. 14 jersey, while the others were arranged in alphabetical order. However, at the 1976 European Cup, he was asked to wear the No. 9 jersey again. On Cruyff's 60th birthday, Ajax announced the permanent retirement of his iconic No. 14 jersey.

John von Neumann (German: John von Neumann, December 28, 1903 - February 8, 1957), formerly known as Neumann János Lajos (Neumann János) Lajos, an American Jewish mathematician born in Hungary, has made significant contributions to many mathematical fields such as functional analysis, ergodic theory, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis, as well as computer science, quantum mechanics, and economics. He is known as the "Father of Game Theory" and "The Father of Computers." Von Neumann has been known for his extraordinary intelligence and memory since he was a child. Von Neumann published approximately 150 papers during his lifetime, including 60 pure mathematics papers, 20 physics papers, and 60 applied mathematics papers. His final work was an unfinished manuscript, later published under the title The Computer and the Brain, reflecting his interests in the final years of his life. He has worked at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, United States.

John Milton Cage Jr. (English: John Milton Cage Jr., September 5, 1912 - August 12, 1992) was an American avant-garde classical music composer and a student of Arnold Schoenberg. His most famous work is "4'33", composed in 1952, which has three movements without a single note. He is a pioneer of aleatory music (or "chance music"), extended technique (non-standard use of instruments), and electronic music. Although a controversial figure, he is generally considered one of the most important composers of his generation. He is also a mushroom expert with a hobby of picking and studying fungi. He collaborated with mycologist Alexander H. Smith and artist Lois Lang to publish the Mushroom Book (1972), which contains recipes, poems, observation notes, diaries and illustrations. The book is now in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

John Winston Ono Lennon, formerly known as John Winston Lennon; October 9, 1940 - December 8, 1980), a British male singer and songwriter. He is known worldwide as a founding member of The Beatles, the most commercially successful group in the history of pop music. He formed the Lennon-McCartney writing duo with bandmate McCartney.

John Arthur Lithgow (pronounced: /ˈlɪθɡoʊ/ LITH-goh; born October 19, 1945) is an American actor, musician, and writer. He has worked on numerous media projects including theatre, television, film and radio. He also wrote some poetry and children's literature. He starred in the films "The World According to Garp" (1982) and "Mother and Daughter" (1983), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He also starred as Reverend Shaw Moore in "Footloose", Dick Solomon in the NBC sitcom "The Earthbound", Lord Falk in "Shrek" (voice performance), and the Trisolaran Killer in the Showtime TV series "Dragon" (winner of a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award). He starred in the stage play "Taste of Success" musical version, and won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Later, he starred in the musical version of "The Young Master" and won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical again. John starred in the stage play Giant at the West End in London, England in 2025, and won the Best Actor Award at the 2025 Laurence Olivier Awards that year. He also recorded children's music albums, including 1999's "Singin' in the Bathtub," and published children's stories such as "Marsupial Sue."

John Nicholas Cassavetes (English: John Nicholas Cassavetes, December 9, 1929 - February 3, 1989) was an American film director, actor and producer, considered a pioneer of American independent films. In 1980, "Glory" directed by him won the Golden Lion Award at the Venice Film Festival.

John Michael Turturro (English: John Michael Turturro, Italian pronunciation: [turˈturro], February 28, 1957) is an American and Italian actor, screenwriter, and director. He is Italian-American. Famous works that he has appeared in include "Do What You Should Do" (1989), "Thunderbolt" (2000), "Fear In addition, he frequently collaborates with the Coen brothers, Adam Sandler and Spike Lee. Turturro won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival in 1991 for "Barton Fink". It has won a Primetime Emmy Award and was also nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards and a Golden Globe Award.

Johann Eck (German: Johann Eck, November 13, 1486 - February 10, 1543) was a European Catholic theologian during the Renaissance. He was fiercely opposed to Martin Luther. He devoted his life to defeating Protestantism and traveled between Rome and Germany.

Johann Sebastian Bach (German: Johann Sebastian Bach, pronounced: [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯a(ː)n ˈbax] ; March 31, 1685 [March 21 in the Julian calendar] - July 28, 1750), a German composer and organ, harpsichord, and violin player. He was also a master of Baroque music and is considered one of the most important composers in the history of Western music. Bach was born into a musical family in Eisenach, the Holy Roman Empire (located in today's Thuringia, Germany), and received music education from an early age. After the death of his parents, Bach moved to Odlov and was raised by his eldest brother. He lived in poverty. At the age of 15, he went to Lüneburg to study and make a living on his own. After graduation, Bach served as organist in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen (1703-1708), and later served as court musician in Weimar (1708-1717) and Köthen (1717-1723), as well as church music director in Leipzig (1723-1750). Bach continued to study composition by himself throughout his life, studying all the works of his predecessors and younger generations. He was extremely prolific throughout his life, and his works were known for their excellent quality and quantity. In addition to operas, he covered almost all genres of music at that time, including oratorios, Passions, oratorios, motets, masses, chants, solos for various instruments, suites, chamber music and concertos, etc. Although Bach did not create a new style, his creations widely incorporated musical techniques from Germany, Italy, France and other countries, and presented them with skillful polyphonic techniques, demonstrating the essence and profound thoughts of Baroque music style. But as music turned to a simpler, lighter style, Bach's polyphony was regarded as obsolete after his death, and his achievements went unappreciated for decades, becoming known only as an organist and teacher. Although great composers such as Mozart and Beethoven highly praised Bach, it was not until the Romantic era, when the composer Mendelssohn adapted and conducted Bach's "Matthew Passion" in Berlin in 1829 that the music world recognized the value of Bach's music. Composers after the early Romantic period were also mostly influenced by Bach. Since then, several generations of musicians have discovered, studied, organized and promoted his works, and Bach has gradually regained his lofty status. In the 2005 German Television Channel 2 poll for the greatest German, he ranked sixth, second only to Martin Luther and Marx among figures before the 20th century.

John Langshaw Austin (English: John Langshaw Austin, often signed as J. L. Austin, March 26, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a British philosopher who belonged to the analytic philosophy tradition and specialized in the philosophy of language. He began studying at Balliol College, Oxford University in 1929, and stayed at Oxford University to teach after graduating in 1935. During World War II, he served in military intelligence as a lieutenant colonel. In 1952 he was appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. Austin visited Harvard University and the University of California, Berkeley, in the mid-1950s, and taught the William James Lecture at Harvard University in 1955. It was at this time that he met Chomsky and became friends. He served as President of the Aristotelian Society from 1956 to 1957. Austin did not publish any works during his lifetime. His lectures and class notes were collected and published after his death, including "Philosophical Essays", "How to Do Things with Language" (1961), and "Sense and Subsensory Objects" (1962).

John Barry (English: John Barry, November 3, 1933 - January 30, 2011) was a British composer who specialized in film scores. His most familiar works are the scores for the "007" series of movies. It has won a Golden Globe Award and four Academy Awards for Best Score.

Sir John Richard Hicks (English: Sir John Richard Hicks, April 8, 1904 - May 20, 1989) was a British economist with outstanding achievements in microeconomics, macroeconomics, economic methodology, and economic history. In 1972 he shared the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences with Kenneth Arrow. He is regarded as one of the most important and influential economists of the 20th century. His most famous contribution in economics is the IS-LM model, which summarizes Keynesian understanding of macroeconomics. Another notable contribution is his theory of consumers in microeconomics. The Nobel committee said he received the award for his "pioneering contributions to the theory of economic equilibrium and welfare theory in general."

John Milton (English: John Milton, December 9, 1608 - November 8, 1674), British poet and thinker. He served as a civil servant during the Republic of England. He is famous for his epic poem "Paradise Lost" and "On the Freedom of the Press" which opposed the censorship of books and newspapers. Because he opposed the religious reform of Charles I, he gave up his priesthood and turned to literary creation, his representative work is "Paradise Lost".

John de Lancie (English: John de Lancie, born March 20, 1948) is an American comedian, actor, director, producer, writer, singer, musician, and voice actor. He is best known for his roles as Q in the "Star Trek" series "Galactic Dragon", "Galaxy Outpost" and "Voyager", and as the voice of Discord in "My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic". He has also appeared in several TV series, including Franco Simmons in "Stargate: SG-1" and Donald Margulies in "Breaking Bad."

John Thomas Devitt AM (English: John Thomas Devitt, February 4, 1937 - August 17, 2023) was an Australian male swimmer who was good at freestyle swimming. He has won 2 Olympic swimming gold medals. In addition, he also participated in the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.