Artists

Qian Songyan (yán) (September 11, 1899 - September 4, 1985, "yan" is a variant of "yan"), a native of Yixing, Jiangsu, is a Chinese landscape painter. He was the president and honorary president of the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Painting Academy, chairman of the Jiangsu Artists Association, executive director and consultant of the Chinese Artists Association, and a representative of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth National People's Congress.

Kan Xuan (1972-), born in Xuancheng, Anhui in 1972, is a Chinese female modern artist. She is best known for her video art, but also produces paintings, photographs and performance art. She began her artistic career in the 1990s and is considered one of the most important contemporary female video artists in China.

Alfred Russel Wallace OM FRS (English: Alfred Russel Wallace, January 8, 1823 - November 7, 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, illustrator, anthropologist, and biologist. He is famous for his independent conception of the evolutionary theory of natural selection. Wallace conducted a natural history survey in the Amazon Basin in 1848 and conducted extensive field surveys in the Malay Archipelago for eight years in 1854. In the Malay Archipelago, he determined the dividing line (Wallace Line) that now distinguishes the Oriental and Australasian regions in biogeography. He is considered the leading expert on the geographical distribution of animal species in the 19th century and is sometimes called the "father of biogeography" or "Darwin's shield." "Darwin came from a wealthy family and had no worries about food and clothing. He could go out to explore the sea and study behind closed doors. Wallers (Wallace) came from a well-off family with eight brothers and sisters. When he was 13 years old, something unexpected happened and his family fell into ruin, so he had to drop out of school." In the spring of 1858, Wallace fell ill in the Malay Archipelago. Lying in bed with chills and fever, he suddenly remembered the essay on population he had read 12 years ago. Malthus's classic proposed that the rapid growth of the number of individuals in a population will eventually exceed the growth of natural resources, bringing inevitable disaster. So Wallace thought: If we think about the evolution and survival of biological species from this perspective, this automatic process will inevitably improve the race, because in each generation, the inferior ones will be killed, and the excellent ones will survive, that is, the survival of the fittest. In this way every part of the animal's body could be modified according to need, and in the process of modification, the unmodified ones died, so that the peculiar shape and clear isolation of each new species could be explained. Over the next few days, he wrote his ideas into a 20-page paper and sent it to Darwin. In June of this year, when Wallace's paper arrived, Darwin had been writing his own work for some time. When he saw that someone half a world away actually proposed the same evolutionary mechanism as his, he was stimulated to quickly compile a paper and read it together with Wallace's paper at the Linnean Society of London on July 1. At that time, Wallace was still in Borneo, and Darwin was attending his son's funeral. Neither of them was present. Both men's articles were eventually published in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. These events finally prompted Darwin to write an abstract and expand it into more than 500 pages of "On the Origin of Species." Wallace was one of the major evolutionary thinkers of the 19th century, in addition to co-discovering natural selection

Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (Finnish: Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto, February 3, 1898 – May 11, 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer. His design works include architecture, furniture, fabrics, glassware, as well as sculptures and paintings, although he does not consider himself an artist, but only sees paintings and sculptures as "branches on a tree whose main trunk is architecture."

Alberto Giacometti (Italian: Alberto Giacometti; October 10, 1901 - January 1, 1966) was a Swiss sculptor.

Sir Anish Mikhail Kapoor (English: Sir Anish Mikhail Kapoor, born March 12, 1954) is a British-Indian sculptor who specializes in installation art and conceptual art. Kapoor was born in Mumbai and attended Doon School, India's elite boys' boarding school, before moving to England to receive art training at Chelsea College of Art and later Chelsea College of Art and Design. His famous public sculptures include "Cloud Gate" in Chicago's Millennium Park; "Mirror of the Sky"; and the ArcelorMittal Orbital Tower, a permanent artwork in London's Queen Elizabeth II Olympic Park. In 2015, Kapoor's image appeared in the British Cultural Marks section of the newly designed British passport. In 2016, he was announced as the winner of the Lennon Ono Peace Prize. Kapoor has received many honors and awards in his art field and is regarded as one of the most influential contemporary sculptors. In addition to receiving the 2000 Prize at the 44th Venice Biennale in 1990, the Turner Prize in 1991, the Turbine Hall Committee Award of Tate Modern, the Padma Shri awarded by the Indian government in 2012, he was also awarded the Queen's Birthday Honorary Knighthood in 2013 for his contribution to the visual arts. In 2014, he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. In addition, he received the Genesis Prize in 2017 for his contribution to contemporary art.

Amedeo Modigliani (Italian: Amedeo Modigliani, Italian pronunciation: [ameˈdɛːo modiʎˈʎaːni]; July 12, 1884 - January 24, 1920), an Italian artist, painter and sculptor, is one of the representative artists of the Expressionist school. Modigliani was characterized by his bold paintings of nude women. He was severely criticized by contemporary conservative trends, and was only recognized by later generations. Modigliani was influenced by ancient and Renaissance art since childhood, and had close friendship with famous artists such as Pablo Picasso and Constantin Brancusi. He was further influenced by the Neo-Impressionism of the late 19th century, as well as African art, Cubism and other art schools of the same period. He created portraits with a deep personal style and featured graceful arcs, and became one of the representative artists of the Expressionist school.

A Ge (May 1948 -), alias Deng Mingying, female, Yi nationality, Yuexi native of Xikang (now Sichuan), Chinese artist, first-class artist.

Chen Danqing (August 11, 1953 -), whose ancestral home is Liangcun, Sanhe Town, Taishan County, Guangdong Province, was born in Shanghai and is a Chinese-American oil painter. Graduated from the Oil Painting Department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, where he studied under Zhan Jianjun and Jin Shangyi. He is engaged in the creation of oil paintings and murals, and also publishes literary criticism and essays in his spare time. Immigrated to the United States in the 1980s. In 1989, he switched from a passport of the People's Republic of China to a passport of the Republic of China, and later held a Taiwan Compatriot Certificate. Currently a U.S. citizen.

Chen Shanguang (December 1962 -), native of Qidong, Hunan, is a Chinese manned space scientist, the chief commander and chief designer of the Chinese astronaut system of Shenzhou 6, the director of the Chinese Astronaut Scientific Research and Training Center, and the Aerospace Medical Engineering Research Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (also known as the 507 Institute, affiliated to China Director and doctoral supervisor of the General Armament Department of the People's Liberation Army, Major General of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, chief expert in the field of aerospace medical engineering, editor-in-chief of the magazines "Astronaut" and "Aerospace Medicine and Medical Engineering", and part-time professor at Tsinghua University, Wuhan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanhua University and other universities.

Chen Yanran (English name: Yanran Chen or Chloe Chen; 2005-), born in Beijing, is an emerging Chinese artist and illustrator. She studied art design and animation design at the Rhode Island School of Design in the United States. Afterwards, she studied painting in Japan. Chen Yanran's representative works include "Dragon", "Nightmare Robot" and "Fantasy Plastic Bag". She was also the visual consultant for the absurd sci-fi comedy "Ma Meimei".

Chen Xiaofeng (born in 1965), named Wuyong, courtesy name Xiaofeng, also known as Nanshan Taoist, Xianhuashanren, Dongtiange, Changwantang, etc., is a native of Pujiang, Zhejiang, a Chinese painter, calligrapher, a national first-class artist, and a theoretical scholar of figure painting of the New Zhejiang School.

Jacobo Parma (approximately 1480 - July 1528) was a 16th-century Italian Renaissance painter of the Venetian School. He was born in Serena, Lombardy, near Bergamo. In order to distinguish him from his nephew Giovanni Parma, he is often called the old Parma.

Yukimura Shutsugi, a Japanese Zen monk painter and artist in the late Muromachi period, was born in Ibaraki Prefecture in the central part of Honshu Island, Japan today. He fully studied Chinese painting techniques and became one of Japan's famous ink painters around the 16th century.

Sesshu (Japanese: Snow Boat/Seshuu, Romanized: Sesshū, 1420-August 26, 1506) was a Japanese ink painter of the Muromachi period. He was born in Akahama, China (now Sosha City, Okayama Prefecture). He was originally a monk at Xiangguo Temple, and may have learned some painting techniques from monks at the same temple. His early paintings were mainly about religious figures. Later, he widely adopted Chinese paintings from the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. He left Xiangguo Temple in 1464. In 1467, he finally had the opportunity to visit the Ming Dynasty on a tomorrow's trade ship. "Landscape Painting of Four Seasons" was completed during his visit to China. The "Overpass Erection" in 1502 is the pinnacle of his artistic achievements. He made pioneering contributions in injecting ink painting into national emotions, influencing his successors such as Yukimura Shutsugi.

René François Ghislain Magritte (French pronunciation: [ʁəne fʁɑəswa ɡilɛ maɡʁit] (November 21, 1898 – August 15, 1967) was a Belgian Surrealist painter, known for his humorous and thought-provoking symbolic language in his Surrealist works. His work challenged many observers' preconceptions of reality and influenced many illustration styles today.

Rem Koolhaas (Dutch: Rem Koolhaas, born November 17, 1944) is a Dutch architect who won the 22nd Pritzker Prize in 2000.

Han Ximeng (?year-?year), a native of Wuling, was an embroiderer in the Ming Dynasty. He called himself Wuling Embroidery History and was the wife of Gu Shouqian, the grandson of Gu Mingshi.

Ma Liuming (1969-) is a modern Chinese artist. He is famous for his performance art works "Fen·Ma Liuming Series".

Marc Chagall Chagall; July 6, 1887 – March 28, 1985), born Moishe Zakharovich Chagall (Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў, Romanized: Moishe Zakharovich) Shagal) is a famous Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish origin. He is free from impressionism, cubism, abstract expressionism and other genres. His works include paintings, sketches, stained glass, stage settings, ceramics, etc. His paintings present dreamy, symbolic techniques and colors. The term "surrealism" was coined by Apollinaire to describe his works. Chagall was born into a Jewish family, and early Jewish thought was the source of his deep-rooted thoughts. His parents raised 10 children with a meager income, and their family was poor. The dark wooden houses, superstitious villagers, people playing violins, cows, sheep, chickens and horses that he saw when he was a child all became the source of Chagall's creation. He left Russia in 1922 and settled in the suburbs of Paris. During World War II, he moved to the United States and began designing ballet sets and costumes. The animals, objects and people in these paintings were drawn from personal lives, dreams and Russian folklore.

Mark Rothko (Latvian: Marks Rothko, September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970), born Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowicz (Russian: Ма́ркус Я́ковлевич Ротко́вич, Latvian: Markuss) Rotkovičs was born in Latvia during the Russian Empire and immigrated to the United States in 1910. When he was young, he used part-time jobs to earn money to study, and worked as an actor, stage manager, painter, and waiter. In 1929 he became a part-time teacher at a synagogue and a founding member of the Expressionist movement. Later, due to illness, depression, melancholy, alcoholism, and overdose of tranquilizers and antidepressants, he committed suicide by severing his veins in 1970. Although he personally resists being labeled as a genre, his works and painting style are still considered to be examples of abstract expressionism.

Ma Jian (August 18, 1953 -), formerly known as Ma Jiangang, is a Chinese writer living in England.

Gao Jianfu (October 12, 1879 - June 22, 1951), formerly known as Lin, later named Lun, also known as Jueting, also known as Jueting, Zhuoting, also known as Jianfu, was born in Panyu, Guangdong, and was a modern Chinese painter, art educator and revolutionary activist. In his early years, he studied Lingnan flower-and-bird painting from Ju Lian, and was exposed to Western painting in Macau. Later, he went to Japan to inspect Western and Japanese paintings. He, his brother Gao Qifeng, and his friend Chen Shuren jointly advocated "New Chinese Painting" and advocated "eclectic Chinese and Western, blending ancient and modern". The three were later known as the "Three Masters of Lingnan". Gao Jianfu was also regarded as one of the main founders of the Lingnan School of Painting. Gao Jianfu linked the innovation of painting with political revolution, social education and industrial development. He joined the Chinese Tongmenghui and participated in activities related to the Guangdong revolutionary organization, the assassination group and the Huanghuagang Uprising. After the founding of the Republic of China, he ran an aesthetic library in Shanghai, founded "Truth Illustrated", and tried to run an art ceramics business. After the 1920s, he gradually shifted the focus of his activities to painting and education. During this period, he founded Chunsui Painting Academy and Foshan Municipal Academy of Fine Arts, and taught at National Sun Yat-sen University, National Central University and other schools. During his travels in South Asia from 1930 to 1932, he came into contact with the Rabindranath Tagore family and the Bengal School of Painting. Since then, his creations have gradually reduced the obvious traces of Japanese paintings in his early days. The themes of his creations have expanded from flowers, birds, and landscapes to modern things such as airplanes, warships, ruins, hungry people, and battlefields. In addition to traditional brushwork, he has also absorbed the expression methods of perspective, light and shade, air, and light color in addition to traditional brushwork. During the Anti-Japanese War, he continued to teach in Macao, held art exhibitions and charity sales, and expressed the war in works such as "The Flame of the Eastern Battlefield" and "The Destruction of Civilization". Gao Jianfu's art was criticized during his lifetime for borrowing from Japanese paintings. Since then, the changes in Japanese factors in his painting style, his interactions with overseas art circles, and the formation of the title "Lingnan School" have also become important issues in studying his artistic career.

Gao Qifeng (July 10, 1889 - November 2, 1933), whose given name was Shan, also known as Qifeng, was born in Panyu, Guangdong. He was a modern Chinese painter and art educator. Together with his brothers Gao Jianfu and Chen Shuren, he was known as the "Two Gao and One Chen" or the "Three Masters of Lingnan". He was one of the founders of the Lingnan School of Painting. He is famous for his paintings of flowers, birds and animals, as well as landscapes, figures and calligraphy. His works combine traditional Chinese brush and ink and color with the sketching, light, shadow, and space expression methods he came into contact with in Japan, forming a style that is both vigorous and graceful. He believed that painting should change with the times, and valued the educational role of art. He opposed blindly imitating the ancients, and did not approve of learning painting as a means of seeking fame or personal entertainment. He attached great importance to sketching and background rendering, and extended the techniques of water and powder in Ju's flower-and-bird paintings to subjects such as animals, mountains and rocks, especially lions, tigers, eagles, etc. to express majestic momentum. Apes, white horses, flowers and religious figures are also common subjects. His artistic descriptions are mainly found in articles such as "Beauty and Education" and "Painting is Not a Dead Thing". His later works tend to use concise and extended freehand brushwork. Gao Qifeng came from a poor family when he was young. He studied painting with Gao Jian's father and went to Japan in 1907 to study. After the Revolution of 1911, he and his brother founded the "Truth Pictorial" in Shanghai, using pictures, photography and text to promote republican ideas and art innovation ideas. He also participated in running an aesthetic library, editing and publishing art publications. After returning to Guangzhou in 1918, he taught at Guangdong No. 1 Class A Industrial School and opened an aesthetics museum. In 1925, he was appointed as an honorary professor at Lingnan University. After that, he gradually shifted his focus to painting and teaching. In 1929, Gao Qifeng went to Ersha Island in Guangzhou to recuperate due to lung disease. Later, he lived in Tianfeng Tower and continued to discuss art and painting with his disciples. In 1933, he went to Shanghai to participate in the preparations for China's art exhibition in Germany. On the way, his illness relapsed. He died in Shanghai on November 2 of the same year. In 1936, he was buried in Qixia Mountain, Nanjing. Among his disciples, seven of them, including Zhao Shao'ang, Zhang Kunyi, and Huang Shaoqiang, were collectively known as the "Seven Sons of Tianfeng". They continued to engage in painting, teaching and painting activities, allowing their painting style to continue.