Scientists

Hu Ying (June 19, 1934 - August 27, 2023), male, native of Yingshan, Hubei, born in Shanghai, was a Chinese chemical engineer and physical chemist, and a professor at East China University of Science and Technology.

Shu Deqian (February 1946-), Chinese evolutionary paleontologist, professor at the Department of Geology of Northwest University and China University of Geosciences (Beijing), director of the Institute of Early Life at Northwest University, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Alan Matheson Turing, OBE, FRS, was a British computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst and theoretical biologist. He is known as the father of computer science and artificial intelligence.

Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (Dutch: [ˈɛtsxər ˈʋibə ˈdɛikstra], May 11, 1930 - August 6, 2002), also translated as Edsger Wybe Dijkstra, was born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, a computer scientist. He was the first scientist in the Netherlands to major in programming. He won the Turing Award in 1972, and later won the AFIPS Harry Goode Memorial Award in 1974 and the ACM SIGCSE Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education and Teaching Award in 1989. In 2002, shortly before his death, he won the ACM PODC (Principles of Distributed Computing) Most Influential Paper Award in recognition of his contribution to the self-stabilization of program computing in the distributed field. In memory of him, this annual award was later renamed the "Dijkstra Award". He once proposed the "GOTO harmful theory", semaphores and PV primitives (passeren vrijgeven), which solved the "dining philosophers problem".

Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier (French: Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier, French pronunciation: [emanɥɛl maʁi ʃaʁpɑətje]; December 11, 1968 -), born in Revisy-sur-Orge, France, is a French microbiologist, geneticist and biochemist. She is best known for developing CRISPR technology with American scientist Jennifer Downer and others. In 2016, he won the Tang Prize for Biotechnology and Medicine. She won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Dodna. This is the first Nobel Prize in Science ever awarded to only two women.

Edith "Edie" Windsor (English: Edith "Edie" Windsor, June 20, 1929 - September 12, 2017) was an American female LGBT rights activist and a technical manager at IBM. Well-known as the lead plaintiff in the United States v. Windsor case, she successfully overturned Chapter 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act, which was regarded as a legal victory for same-sex marriage in the United States.

Barbara McClintock (English: Barbara McClintock, June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992), American cytogeneticist. For her discovery of gene transposition, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983. She was the first female scientist to win the award alone without a co-winner. Born in Hartford, Connecticut. She graduated from Cornell University in 1923 and received a doctorate in plant sciences from the same university in 1927. After serving as a researcher at Cornell University and the NRC, she became a lecturer at the University of Missouri from 1936 to 1941. From 1942 to 1967, she was a researcher at the Cold Spring Harbor Research Institute in the Department of Genetics at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington. McClintock discovered the existence of transposons before the structure of DNA was revealed, and for a time, her groundbreaking theory was long ignored by the academic community. The theory was proven in later years by the development of molecular biology techniques, and she was awarded the Nobel Prize at the age of 81. But when she heard the news, McClintock murmured "Okay!" She said she returned to the cornfield as usual. In 1970, President Nixon awarded her the National Medal of Science. In 1982, she was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize by Columbia University, together with Susumu Tonegawa (1987 Nobel Prize winner in medicine).

Sue Hendrickson (English: Sue Hendrickson, December 2, 1949 -) is an American female paleontologist. There are many important fossils found in the world. On August 12, 1990, she discovered the world's largest and best-preserved Tyrannosaurus rex fossil - Sue in South Dakota, United States.

Su Guohui (January 1, 1948 -), male, originally from Shunde, Guangdong, born in Hong Kong, is a Chinese neuroanatomist. Professor at the School of Medicine and Director of the Neuroscience Research Center of the University of Hong Kong.

Subramanian Chandrasekhar, FRS, is an Indian-American physicist and astrophysicist, also translated as Chandrasekhar or Chandrasekhar. In 1983, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on stellar structure and evolution. Chandrasekhar held a long-term appointment at the University of Chicago starting in 1937 and became a U.S. citizen in 1953. He had a wide range of interests. He studied German when he was young and read various literary works from Shakespeare to Thomas Hardy.

Su Qiang (July 15, 1931 - February 17, 2017) was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong. Chinese inorganic chemist. From 1948 to 1950, he studied in the Department of Chemical Engineering of Sun Yat-sen University. From 1950 to 1952, he studied in the Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Peking University (in 1952, the department was adjusted to the Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University). From 1952 to 1999, he engaged in rare earth research at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and served as researcher, doctoral supervisor, director of the rare earth research laboratory, and director of the academic committee of the institute. In 1999, he transferred to the Chemistry Department of Sun Yat-sen University to work on rare earths, serving as professor and doctoral supervisor. In 1995, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Passed away in Guangzhou at 4:50 on February 17, 2017.

Fanny Hesse (English: Fanny Hesse, June 22, 1850 - December 1, 1934, formerly known as Angelina Fanny Eilshemius) was an American-born German microbiologist who first proposed the use of agar instead of gelatin as a medium for cultivating microorganisms.

Fan Haifu (August 15, 1933 - July 8, 2022), born in Guangzhou, Guangdong, is a Chinese crystallographer. Graduated from the Chemistry Department of Peking University in 1956. In 1991, he was elected as a member (academician) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2000, he was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. Researcher at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Philip Hagar Smith (April 29, 1905 - August 29, 1987), an American electronic engineer, was born in Massachusetts, United States. He invented the famous Smith chart. He graduated from Tufts College in 1928. After graduation, he worked at RCA Corporation and Bell Laboratories until his retirement in 1970.

Phillip Allen Sharp (English: Phillip Allen Sharp, June 6, 1944 -), American geneticist and molecular biologist, once won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of broken genes.

Leonhard Euler (German: Leonhard Euler, April 15, 1707 - September 18, 1783), Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer. Euler made significant contributions to many areas of mathematics, including calculus and graph theory. He introduced and popularized many mathematical terms and writing formats that are still in use today, such as the notation of functions f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} , imaginary unit − 1 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {-1}}} notation i {\displaystyle i} , the notation of pi π {\displaystyle \pi } (This notation was originally derived from William Jones), the summation symbol Σ {\displaystyle \Sigma } , differential sign Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } As well as using lowercase letters to represent the sides of a triangle and using uppercase letters to represent the angles of a triangle, etc. The base of the natural logarithm is also given e {\displaystyle e} Definition, which is also called Euler’s number (Euler

Linus Carl Pauling (English: Linus Carl Pauling; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist and one of the pioneers of quantum chemistry and structural biology. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, approximately 850 of which dealt with scientific topics.

Dr Sally Kristen Ride (English: Dr Sally Kristen Ride, May 26, 1951 – July 23, 2012) was an American physicist and former NASA astronaut who flew on the STS-7 and STS-41-G missions. She joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1978, and in 1983, at the age of 32, she became the first American woman to enter space and the third female astronaut in human history. In 1987, she left NASA to work at the Center for International Security and Arms Control at Stanford University and later as a professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego, where she studied nonlinear optics and Thomson scattering. Ryder is the only person to have served on both the Challenger and Columbia Accident Investigation Boards. As of 2015, she remains the youngest American astronaut to enter space. After Ryder's death, her same-sex partner, Tam O'Shaughnessy, was revealed in an obituary. This made Ryder the first openly gay astronaut and the first openly lesbian astronaut.

Ip Chun (English: Ip Chun, August 25, 1924 -), Hong Kong martial artist. Ip Chun was born in Foshan, the eldest son of Wing Chun master Ip Man, and his mother Zhang Yongcheng. After Ip Man passed away in 1972, his sons Ip Chun and Ip Zheng inherited their father's business and devoted themselves to promoting Wing Chun. Ye Zhun has a son, Ye Xuejin. At the age of 38, Ye Zhun had learned Wing Chun in Foshan. Ye Chun has successively set up apprenticeships at the Hong Kong Wing Chun Sports Association, Shatin Town Hall, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Foshan University of Science and Technology. In 2020, Ye Chun was awarded the honorary academician title by Lingnan University in Hong Kong in recognition of his lifelong contribution to the inheritance and promotion of Wing Chun.

Grace Brewster Hopper (English: Grace Brewster Hopper, surname: Murray; December 9, 1906 - January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and U.S. Navy commodore. She was a pioneer in computer programming and the first person to propose the theory of machine-independent programming languages. She used this theory to develop the FLOW-MATIC programming language and COBOL, an early high-level programming language that is still in use today. She was also one of the earliest programmers of the Harvard Type I computer and is credited with being the author of the first computer manual, A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator. Before joining the Navy, Hope earned a PhD in mathematics and mathematical physics from Yale University and served as a professor of mathematics at Vassar College. During World War II, she left her position at Vassar College to join the United States Naval Reserve. Hopper began his computer career in 1944 as a member of Harvard's Type I team, led by Howard Aiken. In 1949, she joined the Eckert-Mauchley Computer Company and participated in the development of the UNIVAC I computer. At Eckert-Mauchlay, she oversaw the development of one of the earliest COBOL compilers. She firmly believed that programming should be simplified using English-based computer programming languages. Her compiler converts English words into machine code that computers can understand. By 1952, Hope had completed her program linker (originally called a compiler), written for the A-0 system. In 1954, Eckert-Mauchley selected Hope to lead its automatic programming department, and she led the release of some of the earliest compiled languages, including FLOW-MATIC. In 1959, she participated in the CODASYL Association and helped create COBOL, a machine-independent programming language based on English vocabulary. Hope continued to promote the use of the language throughout the 1960s. The U.S. Navy's Arleigh Burke-class missile destroyer USS Hopper is named after her, as are the Cray XE6 "Hopper" supercomputer at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) and the NVIDIA GPU architecture "Hopper Microarchitecture". in her

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS (English: Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, June 8, 1955 -), nicknamed Tim Berners-Lee, is a British computer scientist. He was the inventor of the World Wide Web, developing the world's first website and the first web browser, allowing ordinary users to access and browse the web. On December 25, 1990, he successfully used the Internet to achieve the first communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol client and a server. Berners-Lee is the chairman of the World Wide Web Consortium. He founded the World Wide Web Consortium in 1994, an organization founded to focus on the development of the World Wide Web. He is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. Berners-Lee was the founding chairman and senior researcher of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. At the same time, Berners-Lee is the director of the Web Science Research Initiative and a member of the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence. In 2011, he was appointed to the Ford Foundation's Board of Directors. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II awarded Berners-Lee the Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In April 2009, he was elected as a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2017, he won the 2016 Turing Award for "inventing the World Wide Web, the first browser, and the basic protocols and algorithms that enabled the expansion of the World Wide Web." He was named to Time 100: the most important people of this century by Time magazine.

Xue Yuqun (November 2, 1931 - June 29, 2021), male, was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, a Chinese hydrogeologist, a professor at Nanjing University, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Yuan Longping (September 7, 1930 - May 22, 2021), Han nationality, native of De'an, Jiangxi Province, was an expert in hybrid rice breeding in China, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences. His research on hybrid rice varieties from the 1960s to the 1970s improved grain production in mainland China and around the world, and he was known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice".

Theodore Wilbur Anderson (English: Theodore Wilbur Anderson, June 5, 1918 - September 17, 2016) was an American mathematician and statistician who specialized in multivariate statistical data analysis.