Political figures

Dong Yueqian (December 8, 1914 - June 24, 1978), male, native of Beijing, was a politician and diplomat of the People's Republic of China. In November 1937, he joined the Communist Party of China.

Timothy Pickering Pickering (July 17, 1745 - January 29, 1829), an American politician and Federalist, served as the United States Postmaster General (1791-1795), the United States Secretary of War (1795), the United States Secretary of State (1795-1800), a member of the United States Senate (1803-1811), and a member of the United States House of Representatives (1813-1817).

Chiang Zhongzheng (October 31, 1887 - April 5, 1975), also known as Jieshi, was born in Fenghua, Zhejiang, and was a political and military figure in the Republic of China. He has successively served as principal of Whampoa Military Academy, commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, chairman of the National Government, chairman of the Military Commission of the National Government, president of the Chinese Kuomintang, and president of the Republic of China. In 1887, Chiang Zhongzheng was born in Fenghua, Zhejiang. In 1908, Chiang joined the Chinese Tongmenghui, participated in the Revolution of 1911 in 1911, and joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party in 1913. In 1918, Chiang served as director of the Operations Section of the General Headquarters of the Guangdong Army to Assist Fujian. In 1920, he served as chief of staff of the Second Army of the Guangdong Army and commander-in-chief of the former enemy. In 1922, Chiang served as chief of staff of the Second Army of the East Route Army against the Bandits. In 1926, the National Revolutionary Army launched its Northern Expedition, with Chiang serving as commander-in-chief. After the success of the Northern Expedition in 1928, Chiang successively served as Chairman of the National Government, President of the Executive Yuan, Chairman of the Military Commission of the National Government, etc., and served as the de facto supreme leader of China for a long time. In 1937, China's Anti-Japanese War broke out. Chiang Kai-shek led the Chinese military and civilians to resist Japanese aggression. In 1942, the Sino-Japanese War merged with World War II, and Chiang became the supreme commander of the Allied Powers' China Theater. After the war, Chiang promoted the convening of the National Constituent Assembly, formulated the Constitution of the Republic of China, and was elected as the first president of the Republic of China in 1948. However, he soon resigned due to the defeat of the second civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan and was reinstated, ruling Taiwan until his death.

Jiang Menglin (January 20, 1886 - June 19, 1964), formerly known as Mengxiong, also known as Deming, courtesy name Zhaoxian, alias Menglin, pen name Weixin, was a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, an educator, writer, Minister of Education of the National Government, President of National Peking University, and President of National Zhejiang University.

Gary Earl Johnson (English: Gary Earl Johnson, January 1, 1953 -) is an American businessman, author and politician. He served as the governor of New Mexico as a Republican from 1995 to 2003. He was a presidential candidate of the Libertarian Party in the 2012 and 2016 U.S. presidential elections. He was also the New Mexico candidate nominated by the Libertarian Party in the 2018 U.S. Senate election.

Cai Wei (March 1971-), male, native of Zhuji, Zhejiang, is a politician and diplomat of the People's Republic of China. He once served as the Consul General of the People's Republic of China in Houston and the Director of the Latin America and Caribbean Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He is currently a member of the Party Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Assistant Minister and Director of the Department of North America and Oceania.

Cai Yuanpei (January 11, 1868 - March 5, 1940), also known as Zhongshen, also known as Heqing, Minyou, Jiemin, nicknamed Junjun, nicknamed Yige, nicknamed Yike, and nicknamed Ah. Pei, who also used the pseudonyms Cai Zhen and Zhou Ziyu, male, from Shanyin County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing City), originally from Zhuji, Shaoxing, was a modern Chinese revolutionist, educator, politician and translator. He served as Acting Chairman of the National Government of the Republic of China and is generally regarded as a pioneer in modern ethnological research in China. Cai Yuanpei became a Jinshi at the age of 25 and was appointed a scholar of the Hanlin Academy. He was the first Minister of Education of the Republic of China. From 1916 to 1927, he served as the president of Peking University. He revolutionized Peking University and launched an "academic" and "liberal" style. From 1920 to 1930, Cai Yuanpei also served as the president of the Sino-French University. During the Northern Expedition, after the Nationalist Government established Nanjing as its capital, he chaired the Educational Administration Committee, prepared the establishment of the University of the Republic of China and the Academia Sinica, and led the reform of the education and academic system. He is also a supervisory committee member of the Chinese Kuomintang. During the April 12th Incident, he took the lead in publishing the "Power Line to Protect the Party and Save the Nation", calling for the party to be purged. From 1928 to 1940, he served as the president of Academia Sinica, implementing his views on academic research. Cai Yuanpei was a generous and compassionate person with a thorough observation of Chinese society and customs. He twice studied in Europe and was intimately familiar with the spirit of Renaissance humanism and the ideological trends after the French Revolution. He "transferred Chinese culture and education from the era of feudal autocracy to the era of democracy and freedom." Set educational policies by hand and create a modern education system. Make Peking University academic and lay the foundation of Academia Sinica. Promote military-civilian education, materialism, civic ethics, outlook on life, world view, and aesthetic education. It advocates free thought, civil rights and women's rights, strives to get rid of the old custom of "study to become an official", and develops a scientific research atmosphere.

Chiang Ching-kuo (April 27, 1910 - January 13, 1988), courtesy name Jianfeng, was a native of Fenghua, Zhejiang, and a political figure in the Republic of China. Chiang Ching-kuo was the only son of Chiang Zhongzheng and Mao Fumei. When he was young, he went to study in the Soviet Union. After returning to China, he worked in Jiangxi, Shanghai and other places. After the government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan in 1949, Chiang first took charge of national intelligence and security work, rebuilt the political combat system, and maintained the stability of the regime. Later, he successively served as director of the Chinese Youth Anti-Communist National Salvation Corps, chairman of the Employment Guidance Committee for Retired Military Officers and Soldiers of the Executive Yuan, political affairs councilor of the Executive Yuan, and Minister of National Defense, among other important party and government positions. From 1972 to 1978, Chiang Ching-kuo served as President of the Executive Yuan, de facto leading the country's political situation. During his tenure, he turned to the "innovation and protection of Taiwan" line, successively promoted the "Ten Major Construction" and "Twelve Construction" plans, and politically promoted limited by-elections for central public opinion representatives. When Chiang Kai-shek died in 1975, Chiang Ching-kuo became the chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang and succeeded him as the sixth president of the Republic of China in 1978. He was re-elected in 1984 and served in office until his death in 1988. Chiang Ching-kuo vigorously developed Taiwan's economy despite being internationally isolated, and lifted Taiwan's years of martial law in his later years.

Xue Zong (208 years ago - 243 years), whose courtesy name was Jingwen, was a native of Zhuyi, Pei County, and a descendant of Mengchang Lord of Qi State during the Warring States Period. An official and writer of Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period.

Salvador Alejandro César Nasralla Salum (Spanish: Salvador Alejandro César Nasralla Salum; January 30, 1953 -) is a Palestinian politician in Honduras. Before entering politics, he was a sports journalist, TV host and businessman. He was elected as the First Vice President of Honduras on January 27, 2021, until his resignation in 2024.

Soga no Umako (Japanese: Soga no Umako/Morning of Umako, Romanized: Soga no Umako, 551-June 19, 626) was a Japanese politician and powerful official in the Asuka period. Suga Mazi is the son of Suga Iname, and his sister Suga Ken Yeohuan is the wife of Emperor Kinmei and holds power as a foreign relative. The Soga Mashiko period lasted for fifty years under the four dynasties of Emperor Minda, Emperor Umeimei, Emperor Sogun and Emperor Suiko. In 587, during the struggle to accept Buddhism, Mononobe Moriya, a long-time political enemy of the Mononobe clan, was eliminated. The Soga Mashira period can be said to be the heyday of the Soga clan. Furthermore, in 592, Soga Umako instigated Naoko of the Eastern Han Dynasty to kill Emperor Takajun, supported his niece Emperor Suiko on the throne, built Asukaji Temple in 596, and was responsible for compiling two historical books, the Emperor's Chronicle and the Kokuki. Soga Umako is also the father of Soga Ezo and the grandfather of Soga Iruka.

Yi Xiqun (August 1947 -), Chinese entrepreneur; graduated from Beijing Institute of Chemical Technology and postgraduate student in economics and management engineering at Tsinghua University. He is currently the chairman of Beijing Enterprises Holdings Co., Ltd., and also serves as an independent director of China Merchants Bank, an independent director of SOHO (China) Co., Ltd., the vice president of China Industrial Development Promotion Association, and the president of Beijing Enterprises Association.

Yuan Shikai (September 16, 1859 - June 6, 1916), whose courtesy name was Weiting, Weiting or Weiting, and whose name was Rong'an, was also known as Yuan Gongbao, Yuan Dapao, Yuan Laosi and Yuan Dashuai. He was also called Yuan Xiangcheng because he was born in Xiangcheng, Henan. He served as governor-general of the Qing Dynasty, minister of military aircraft, prime minister of the cabinet, the second interim president of the Republic of China, the first president of the Republic of China, etc. He was once proposed to be the emperor of the Chinese Empire (he was not enthroned, but was later cancelled). He is also the supreme leader of the Beiyang government and the leader of the Beiyang Army. Yuan Shikai failed in the imperial examination in his early years, abandoned literature and joined the Huai Army. In 1882, he followed Wu Changqing to North Korea. In 1884, he led the Qing army to put down the Jiashen coup in North Korea. In 1895, he trained the "New Army" in Xiaozhan, Tianjin with the rank of Taoist priest. He participated in the reform group to strengthen the society and assisted in the Westernization Movement and the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty. However, the reformers accused him of betrayal, which led to the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898. After the Wuchang Uprising, Yuan used the Beiyang Army to serve as the Prime Minister of the Qing Cabinet, negotiated peace with the Revolutionary Party north and south, and forced Sun Yat-sen to abdicate on the condition of forcing the Qing Emperor to abdicate. He was elected as the interim president of the Republic of China and established the Beiyang Government. In 1913, the civil war was triggered by the Song Jiaoren case and the large amount of loans taken for the aftermath. After suppressing the second revolution led by Sun Yat-sen, the National Assembly was dissolved and the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" was promulgated to replace the "Provisional Constitution". During the preparations for the restoration of the monarchy in 1915, the country accepted Japan's "Twenty-One Articles" and announced in December of the same year that the following year would be changed to the first year of Hongxian. It was known as the "Hongxian Monarchy" in history, which triggered Cai E and others to launch a war to protect the country. In March 1916, he announced the abolition of the imperial system and still claimed the title of President. He died of illness in June, and China fell into a warlord war. Yuan Shikai is a negative figure in the historical evaluations of both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The general view is that he informed Ronglu of the reformers' plan to assassinate Cixi, stole the fruits of the Revolution of 1911, sent people to assassinate Song Jiaoren, and signed the regulations of losing power and humiliating the country. However, there are also views that he was not the culprit of the failure of the reform or the assassination of Song Jiaoren, and affirmed his contribution to China's modernization.

Chu Qiyuan (?—?), politician and diplomat of the People's Republic of China. A native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Chu Fu's grandson graduated from Datong University. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1940. In 1980, he served as the first Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to Zimbabwe. In 1984, he was succeeded by Zheng Yaowen.

Saionji Kinmochi (Japanese: Saionji Gongwang/Saionji Kinmochi, Romanized: Saionji Kinmochi, December 7, 1849 - November 24, 1940) was a Japanese politician and educator in the Meiji era, Japan's former Prime Minister and Speaker of the Privy Council. He was a political veteran of Japan from the Meiji to Taisho periods until before the war. His name was Taoan. He was born in the Qinghua family of the imperial aristocracy. He was the second son of Tokudaji Temple Gongjun. He was later adopted by Saionji Temple Master Ji and changed his surname. In the early 20th century, he and Katsura Taro alternated as Prime Minister of Japan. This period was the Katsura Garden Era. He was awarded the title of Duke on September 7, 1920 (Taisho 9th year).

Marcus Tullius Cicero (Latin: Marcus Tullius Cicero; January 3, 106 BC - December 7, 43 BC) was a philosopher, politician, lawyer, writer, and orator in the late Roman Republic. Born into a wealthy family of the knightly class, he devoted himself to law and politics at a young age, and later served as consul of the Roman Republic in 63 BC. At the same time, because of his speeches and literary works, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest orators and most influential prose writers in ancient Rome. In the political crisis of the late Roman Republic, he was a loyal defender of the liberalism represented by the Republic and a political enemy of Mark Antony. He supported the constitution of ancient Rome and was therefore considered the ancient pioneer of the doctrine of separation of powers. He was elected consul in 63 BC and was later assassinated by Antony in Formia. Cicero made considerable contributions to the development of Latin due to the literary achievements of his works. He was a famous literary figure in Rome at the time. His majestic oratory style, witty essays, fluent prose, and mastery of eloquence set the literary style of classical Latin. Cicero was also a researcher of ancient Greek philosophy. Through translation, he introduced many works of Greek philosophy to the Romans, allowing the study of Greek philosophy to continue after Greece was conquered by Rome. Cicero's influence in ancient Rome waned during the Medieval Era, but was revived during the Renaissance. Petrarch rediscovered Cicero's letters in the 14th century, which began a re-study of Cicero by Renaissance scholars. Therefore, some scholars believe that the Renaissance was essentially a revival of Cicero, and through him the rest of classical ancient culture was revived. Cicero's influence reached its peak in the Age of Enlightenment, and those influenced by his political philosophy included Locke, Hume, Montesquieu and other philosophers. Adams, Hamilton and others often quoted Cicero's works in their works. It can be said that Cicero's republican ideas have profoundly influenced European philosophy and political theory, and are still the subject of research in Roman history.

Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (English: Theodore Roosevelt Jr., October 27, 1858 - January 6, 1919), a Dutch-American, American politician, was the 26th President of the United States and a retired colonel of the United States Army. He was born in the Roosevelt family of New York City. Theodore Roosevelt served as Deputy Secretary of the Navy, participated in the Spanish-American War, and was elected Vice President in 1900. In 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist. He succeeded him as president at the age of 42, making him the youngest president in American history. His unique personality and reform policies made him one of the greatest presidents in American history and one of the leaders of the American Progressive Era. During his presidential term, Theodore Roosevelt became a pioneer in environmental protection in the United States, protecting forests, minerals, oil and other resources, and establishing national parks; he opposed the excessive behavior of large enterprises, broke up large trusts, and maintained fair competition; he established the Fair Trade Act and promoted reconciliation between labor and capitalists; he strengthened the executive power of the president and was considered the first modern president in American history; he pursued the Monroe Doctrine externally, implemented expansionary policies, built a strong military, and intervened in American affairs. Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his successful mediation of the Russo-Japanese War, becoming the first American to win this award. During the mediation process, he was keenly aware of the potential threat posed by the newly rising Japan to the United States. At the same time, he also realized that the Panama Canal not only had economic value to the United States, but also enabled the U.S. naval fleet to move more quickly between the Pacific and the Atlantic, which was of great military strategic significance. Therefore, he pushed hard to promote the Panama Canal project during his tenure and regarded it as his greatest achievement. In 1908 he gave up his bid for re-election. After leaving office, Theodore Roosevelt intended to run for president again in 1912, but he had differences with the Republican Party, so he left the party and ran for president on behalf of the Progressive Party in an attempt to make a comeback. In the presidential election of the same year, due to the split of the Republican Party, Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson won. Theodore Roosevelt won 88 electoral votes, becoming the third party candidate with the most electoral votes in the U.S. presidential election. However, he has since retired from politics. Theodore Roosevelt's distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the Democratic Party, was later elected President of the United States, so Theodore Roosevelt is often called "Old Roosevelt" in the Chinese environment. Theodore Ross

James Schoolcraft Sherman (English: James Schoolcraft Sherman, October 24, 1855 - October 30, 1912) was an American Republican politician who served as the 27th Vice President. On October 30, 1912, James died of kidney failure while serving as vice president.

James Middleton Cox (English: James Middleton Cox, March 31, 1870 - July 15, 1957) was an American Democratic politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1909-1913) and the governor of Ohio (1913-1915, 1917-1921). Cox was the Democratic candidate for the 1920 U.S. presidential election, losing to Republican Harding.

Zhan Furui (November 1953 -), male, native of Qinglong County, Rehe Province (now part of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province), is a Chinese literary critic and philologist. He has served as director and party secretary of the National Library of China, director of the National Center for the Protection of Ancient Books, professor, and doctoral supervisor. He has long been engaged in research on the history of Chinese literary criticism and ancient Chinese literature.

Xu Guangping (February 12, 1898 - March 3, 1968, formerly known as Xu Chongli, pen name Jing Song), a native of Guangzhou, Guangdong, was a Chinese female politician and social activist. After 1949, she served as deputy secretary-general of the Government Affairs Council, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice-chairman of the All-China Women's Federation, vice-chairman of the China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, and member of the Bureau of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Xu Guangping was a student of the writer Lu Xun and later lived with him. She is also the aunt of Hong Kong actor Hui Siu-hsiung.

Xie Jun (October 30, 1970 -), born in Baoding, Hebei, native of Liaoyuan, Jilin, is a Chinese chess player.

Tanigaki Seichi (March 7, 1945 -), Japanese politician. He served as Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party (47th generation), President of the Liberal Democratic Party (24th generation), and member of the House of Representatives of Japan (elected 11 times). He also served as Director of the Science and Technology Agency (58th term), Chairman of the Financial Revitalization Commission (3rd and 4th term), Chairman of the National Public Security Commission (69th term), Minister in charge of the Industrial Revitalization Agency, Minister of Finance (3rd, 4th, and 5th term), Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Political Coordination, Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (9th term), and Minister of Justice (93rd term). In October 2005, he was elected as the president of the Tanigaki faction. Later, he merged with the Koga faction, another branch of the Hongchi Kai, and became the spokesperson of the faction. In 2012, it once again broke away from Hongchi Association and established Tanigaki Group (Youneighbor Association). Tanigaki Tanigaki is a native of Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture, and is a second-generation hereditary member of parliament. His father Tanigaki Tanigaki once served as Minister of Education. He specializes in economic and fiscal policy.

Fei Xiaotong (November 2, 1910 - April 24, 2005), courtesy name Yijiang, was born in Wujiang, Jiangsu Province. He was a modern Chinese sociologist, anthropologist, ethnologist and social activist. He is considered one of the founders of Chinese sociology and anthropology. His representative works include "River Village Economy", "Rural China", "Reproductive System", etc. Fei Xiaotong served as Vice Chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Vice Chairman of the Seventh and Eighth National People's Congress Standing Committee, and as a deputy national leader of the People's Republic of China.