Political figures

George Stanley McGovern (English: George Stanley McGovern, July 19, 1922 - October 21, 2012), American historian, author, and former United States Representative and Senator.

Jomo Kenyatta (English: Jomo Kenyatta, approximately 1897 - August 22, 1978), Kenyan politician, dictator, the first Kenyan president, and the founding father of Kenya.

Josiah Bartlett (English: Josiah Bartlett, November 21, 1729 - May 19, 1795), American physicist, politician, member of the Democratic-Republican Party of the United States, and former governor of New Hampshire (1790-1794). Bartlett was a signer of the American Declaration of Independence.

Alexander Hamilton (English: Alexander Hamilton, January 11, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804), American fiscal scientist, military general, founding father, political philosopher, one of the drafters of the United States Constitution, and the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. He was an important interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution and the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the New York Post. Together with Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and John Jay, he is known as the founding father of the United States. Hamilton was born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, West Indies. Around 1765-1766, his father, James Hamilton, abandoned the family. In February 1768, Hamilton and his mother Rachel Faucette fell ill with a malignant fever at the same time on St. Croix. Hamilton eventually recovered, but his mother unfortunately died of the illness. Due to their status as illegitimate children, he and his brother were unable to inherit their mother's inheritance, and were later raised by a wealthy local businessman. At the end of 1772, Hamilton was sent to the North American colonies for education, and the following year he entered King's College (now Columbia University) in New York for further studies. At the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, Hamilton joined the local militia in New York. In 1776, he was commissioned to form and serve as commander of the New York Provincial Company of Artillery. In 1777, Hamilton was appointed as an aide-de-camp to General George Washington. He assisted him in drafting a large number of official documents and letters. With his proficiency in French, he played a key role in coordinating the cooperation between the Continental Army and French reinforcements, winning Washington's trust. In 1781, Hamilton returned to the front line to participate in the Battle of Yorktown, leading a commando to successfully capture Red Fort No. 10. His military performance won widespread praise. Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention in 1786 and publicly called for institutional reform. The following year, he attended the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia as a representative and participated in promoting the formulation and ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America. He actively promoted the drafting of a new constitution that established a strong centralized power system. After the text was born, in order to win approval from the states, Hamilton joined forces with Madison and John Jay to write a giant political treatise.

Alexander Meigs "Al" Haig Jr. (English: Alexander Meigs "Al" Haig Jr., December 2, 1924 - February 20, 2010), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was an American politician, diplomat and retired U.S. Army general. He served as the White House Chief of Staff, U.S. Secretary of State, U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor, and Army Deputy Chief of Staff. He has assisted three U.S. presidents and is world-famous for his military career and diplomatic skills.

Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas (English: Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, born November 24, 1959) is a Cuban-American lawyer and Democratic government official. He has served as the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security (2021-2025), Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (2009-2013), and Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (2013-2016). Mayorkas was born in Havana, Cuba, and fled to the United States with his family after the 1959 Cuban Revolution. He is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley, and Loyola Law School of California. Mayorkas served as U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California during the Bill Clinton administration. He served at the Department of Homeland Security during the Barack Obama administration, first as Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (2009–2013) and then as Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (2013–2016). In 2016, Mayorkas became a partner at the Washington, D.C., law firm Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr. On November 23, 2020, President Joe Biden announced his nomination of Mayorkas as Secretary of Homeland Security before taking office. After being confirmed by the Senate as minister on February 2, 2021, he became the first Cuban-American to serve as Secretary of Homeland Security. On February 13, 2024, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the impeachment of Mayorkas by one vote. Mayorkas became the second cabinet member to face impeachment in U.S. history; on April 16, the Senate voted to reject the impeachment case on the grounds that the two impeachment papers had order problems and violated the U.S. Constitution.

Rehman Abdul Rauf Arafat Qudwa Al Husseini (Arabic: محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني, August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), commonly known as Yasser Arafat (Arabic: ياسر عرفات) or his nickname (كنية; Kunya) Abu Ammar (Arabic: أبو عمار, 'Abū `Ammār), leader of the Palestinian liberation movement, Palestinian leader, chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization and leader of Fatah, the largest faction of the PLO, and chairman of the Palestinian National Authority after its establishment in 1994. He was one of the recipients of the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize. Arafat is a highly controversial figure. Many Palestinians consider him a national hero, while some Israelis consider him a terrorist. Some Islamists and left-wing elements of the PLO also criticized him, believing that he had "made too many concessions" to the Israeli government and that his regime also had corruption problems.

Henry Alfred Kissinger (English: Henry Alfred Kissinger; May 27, 1923 - November 29, 2023) was an American politician, diplomat, and political scientist. He was highly used in the Richard Nixon administration and served as national security adviser and secretary of state. After the Watergate incident, he stayed in the Gerald Ford administration and continued to dominate U.S. foreign policy. Kissinger was a Jew born in Germany. When he was 15 years old, he immigrated to the United States with his parents to escape Nazi persecution. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II and was educated at Harvard University after the war, becoming a professor of government and earning an international reputation as an expert on nuclear weapons and foreign policy. Before being appointed national security adviser, he served as an adviser to government agencies, think tanks, and the presidential campaigns of Nelson Rockefeller and Richard Nixon. Kissinger pursued realpolitik and played a central role in U.S. foreign policy, especially "triangular diplomacy" from 1969 to 1977. During this period, he advocated a policy of détente, which eased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. He secretly visited China in 1971 and played a crucial role in talks with Zhou Enlai, Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, paving the way for Nixon's visit to China in 1972 and promoting a new strategic Sino-US anti-Soviet alliance. He won the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize together with Vietnamese politician Le Duc Tho. After President Ford lost re-election in 1976, Kissinger became a professor at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service. Kissinger passed away at home on November 29, 2023, at the age of 100. Kissinger is recognized as a theorist of world order and realist power balance in international relations. His theory mainly focuses on how to use national diplomatic means to establish political alliances in the international environment of bipolar confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union to resist the pressure of the Soviet Union. That is, the United States unites various forces to contain the Soviet Union, thereby achieving a relative balance between the two poles. Later, Kissinger's theory was also applied to a wider range of foreign relations, and was typically reflected in the foreign policies of US Presidents Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan.

Henry Lee III (January 29, 1756 - March 25, 1818), American soldier, politician, Federalist, served as governor of Virginia (1791-1794) and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1799-1800). He fought against the British in the American Revolutionary War and was known as "Light Cavalry Henry." Henry Lee III was the father of Robert E. Lee, Commander-in-Chief of the Confederate Forces of America.

Henry Dargan McMaster (English: Henry Dargan McMaster, May 27, 1947 -) is a Republican politician from South Carolina in the United States and the current governor of South Carolina. He was born in Columbia, South Carolina. He was chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party from 1994 to 2011. He takes over as South Carolina governor after former South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley became the United States' permanent representative to the United Nations.

Denis Richard McDonough (English: Denis Richard McDonough, December 2, 1969 -), American politician, born in Stillwater, Minnesota, United States. Served as the 11th U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He served as the 26th White House Chief of Staff and the last term under President Barack Obama. He graduated with a BA from St. John's University in Minnesota, and then received other master's degrees from Georgetown University. On December 10, 2020, US President-elect Joe Biden announced the nomination of McDonough as Secretary of Veterans Affairs, who will take office on February 9, 2021.

Ren Jingdong (August 1971 -), male, Han nationality, native of Anqiu, Shandong Province, graduated from China University of Petroleum (Beijing), holds a doctorate in engineering, is a member of the Communist Party of China, and a political figure of the People's Republic of China. He is currently a member of the Party Leadership Group and Vice Governor of the Sichuan Provincial People's Government.

Ren Zhenglong (1949-), native of Pengzhou, Sichuan, Han nationality, political figure of the People's Republic of China, representative of Sichuan region at the 11th National People's Congress. Graduated from Sichuan Agricultural University majoring in crop breeding. In 2008, he served as a member of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress and a professor at Sichuan Agricultural University.

Elizabeth I (English: Elizabeth I; September 7, 1533 - March 24, 1603), served as Queen of England and Ireland from November 17, 1558 to March 24, 1603. She was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Because she never married, she was known as "The Virgin Queen", also known as "Gloriana" and "Good Queen Bess" (literally translated as "Good Queen Bess"). The Tudor monarchs who preceded her were Henry VII, her father Henry VIII, her brother Edward VI, and her half-sister Mary I. Elizabeth's reign is called the Elizabethan Era, also known as the "Golden Age". After she succeeded to the throne, she promoted religious reconciliation and not only successfully maintained the unity of England. After nearly half a century of rule, English culture also reached its peak. In 1588, she defeated the Spanish Armada, which became one of the most significant military victories in British history.

Elizabeth II (English: Elizabeth II; April 21, 1926 - September 8, 2022), whose full name is Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (English: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary), was the Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth kingdoms and the Head of Commonwealth from 1952 to 2022. She served as queen of 32 sovereign countries during her lifetime and was monarch of 15 kingdoms at the time of her death. She has reigned for more than 70 years, making her the longest-reigning monarch in British history, the second-longest-reigning monarch in a sovereign country in the world, and the longest-reigning female monarch in world history. Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, during the reign of her grandfather, George V. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later George VI and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother). In 1936, when Edward VIII abdicated and her father, George VI, succeeded to the throne, ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth became the heir presumptive. She was educated at home and began public duty during the Second World War, serving in the Native Auxiliary Forces. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, the former Prince of Greece and Denmark. Their marriage lasted for 73 years until his death in 2021. They had four children, Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward. After her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth, then 25 years old, became the queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries, namely the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon, and was also the head of state of the Commonwealth. As a constitutional monarch, she experienced major political changes such as the Northern Ireland Troubles, the devolution of power in the United Kingdom, and the decolonization of Africa. The number of territories she rules changes as some become independent and some become republics. During Elizabeth's reign, there were more than 170 prime ministers or prime ministers in her territory. She has made many historic visits and meetings, including a state visit to the People's Republic of China in 1986, Russia in 1994, and the Republic of Ireland in 2011, and has met with five popes and fourteen U.S. presidents. Significant events during her reign include her coronation in 1953, and her silver, golden, diamond and platinum jubilee celebrations. Although republican trends have emerged from time to time, media criticism of his family has also occurred from time to time - especially after the breakdown of his children's marriages and the 1999

Yitzhak Rabin (Hebrew: יצחק רבין, pronounced: [itsˈχak ˈʁabin]; March 1, 1922 - November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and retired Israeli Army Lieutenant General in the Israel Defense Forces. He served as the Prime Minister of Israel twice (1974-1977; 1992-1995). He was assassinated in 1995 while serving as prime minister. Rabin is the first prime minister born in Israel, the second prime minister to die in office (the first prime minister to die in office was Levi Eshkol) and the only prime minister to be assassinated.

Israel Epstein (Polish: Israel Epstein, April 20, 1915 - May 26, 2005), Chinese name Aipei, was a Chinese-Jewish Polish journalist and writer. Epstein holds the nationality of the People's Republic of China. He is one of the few foreigners who has joined the Communist Party of China and believes in Marxism-Leninism. He was evaluated by the Communist Party of China as "an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China and an outstanding internationalist fighter."

Masayoshi Ito (December 15, 1913 - May 20, 1994), Japanese politician. He served as a member of the House of Representatives (9th term), Minister of Foreign Affairs (109th generation), Deputy Prime Minister, Chief Cabinet Secretary (43rd generation), Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Government Affairs Investigation (32nd generation), and General Affairs Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party (30th generation). His grandfather was Ito Kensuke, a feudal lord of the Aizu domain.

Ignacy Jan Paderewski, GBE (Polish: Ignacy Jan Paderewski, pronunciation: [iɡˈnatsɨ ˈjan padɛˈrɛfskʲi] ; November 18, 1860 - June 29, 1941), a Polish pianist, composer, politician, and diplomat. He was one of the outstanding world-class piano masters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1919, he served as the Prime Minister of Poland and concurrently served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Elizabeth Ann Warren (English: Elizabeth Ann Warren; born June 22, 1949), formerly known as Herring, is an American Democratic politician. She is a senior federal senator from Massachusetts. Warren was born and raised in Oklahoma. He is a graduate of the University of Houston and Rutgers University-Newark School of Law and has taught at several universities, including the University of Houston, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University. Warren is the author of 12 books and more than 100 articles. Warren's first foray into public policy came in 1995, when she fought against a bill ultimately passed in 2005 that would have limited personal bankruptcy. In the late 2000s, her national profile grew as a result of her public support for tighter bank regulation after the 2008 financial crisis. She served as chair of the Congressional Oversight Group on the Troubled Asset Relief Program and proposed the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, serving as its first special counsel during President Obama's term. In 2012, Warren defeated then-Republican Senator Scott Brown and became the first female U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. In 2018, she was re-elected by a large margin, defeating Republican candidate Jeff Deal. On February 9, 2019, Warren announced her participation in the 2020 US presidential election. She was briefly considered a front-runner for the Democratic presidential nomination late in the year, but her support subsequently declined. She dropped out of the race on March 5, 2020, following Super Tuesday. In 2024, she was successfully re-elected and started her third Senate term.

Kazunaga Ito (August 23, 1945 - April 18, 2007), a Japanese politician, was born in Nagato City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. He served as the mayor of Nagasaki and graduated from the Department of Political Science of Waseda University.

Ito Hirobumi (Japanese: Ito Hirobumi〔 Ito Nicolas Bowen) / Ito Hirobumi, Romanized: Itō Hirobumi (October 16, 1841 - October 26, 1909), whose childhood name was Lisuke, whose courtesy name was Junfu, was also known as Chunmu and the owner of Canglang Pavilion. His surname was Lin. A modern Japanese politician and a veteran of the Meiji Restoration, he was one of the Five Choshu Heroes who went to study in the UK. He served four terms as Prime Minister since 1885, three terms as Speaker of the Privy Council since 1888, and successively served as President of Taiwan Affairs and Superintendent of Korea. He led Japan to complete Westernization, presided over the formulation of the "Constitution of the Empire of Japan", and planned the Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War. In 1909, during negotiations with Russia, he was assassinated by An Zhonggen, a Korean independence activist, at Harbin Railway Station.

Irène Joliot-Curie (French: [iʁɛn ʒoljokyʁi], September 12, 1897 – March 17, 1956) was a French atomic physicist. His father was Pierre Curie and his mother was Marie Curie. The younger sister is Eve Curie. Irena was born in Paris and received her degree from the University of Paris in research related to alpha particles of the element polonium. In 1926, she married Frederic Joliot, an assistant to her mother Marie. Synthesized phosphorus-30 in 1934, and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband Frederick in 1935 for "Research on Artificial Radioisotopes".

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (English: Thomas Woodrow Wilson, December 28, 1856 - February 3, 1924) was an American politician and the 28th President of the United States. As a leader of the Progressive Era, his ideas were called Wilsonianism by later generations. In the 1912 U.S. presidential election, due to the competition between former President Theodore Roosevelt and then-President William Taft, which divided Republican votes, he was eventually elected as a Democrat with 40% of the popular vote and the electoral votes of 40 states, becoming the only Democratic president from 1897 to 1933. Previously, he served as president of Princeton University and governor of New Jersey. To date, he is the only U.S. president to hold the title of Doctor of Philosophy (other than the title of Doctor of Laws), and the only U.S. president to have held public office in New Jersey before becoming president. During Wilson's first term, he supported the Democratic-controlled Congress in passing the Federal Reserve Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Farm Loan Act, the new Revenue Act to impose an income tax at the federal level, and the establishment of the Federal Trade Commission. But at the same time, he supported segregation in federal government agencies, which led to the dismissal of a large number of black employees and was criticized by civil rights groups at the time. After barely winning the 1916 U.S. presidential election, the central issue of Wilson's second term was World War I. Although he campaigned on the slogan "he kept us out of the war," America's policy of neutrality did not last. Germany sent a telegram to Mexico via Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, stating that if the two countries formed an alliance, Germany would help Mexico regain several northern states occupied by the United States. In addition, Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare prompted Wilson to warn Germany many times and finally asked Congress to declare war in April 1917. However, Wilson mainly focused on the diplomatic and financial aspects of participating in the war, and left the combat tasks to the military department. On the home front, he launched the first effective conscription in American history in 1917, raised billions of war funds through the establishment of Liberty Bonds, and established the War Industries Commission.