Political figures

Dwight David Eisenhower (English: Dwight David Eisenhower, October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969), a U.S. Army general and politician, with the highest military rank of five-star general, nicknamed Ike. Eisenhower held important positions during World War II, serving as the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe and serving as President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. Eisenhower was born and raised in Abilene County, Kansas, to a German immigrant family - the Eisenhower family. His family was strongly religious, and his mother believed in the Mennonites, but Eisenhower himself did not start participating in organized Christian churches until 1952. He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Dodd, with whom he had two children. During World War I, he was refused entry to Europe to fight in the war because of his German ethnicity and was assigned to train members of a tank division in a military camp in the United States. After the First World War, he was sent to serve under different officers and was promoted to brigadier general in 1941. After the United States officially declared war on the Axis Powers in the middle of World War II, General Eisenhower was responsible for planning and supervising the Allied forces' Operation Torch in the North African battlefield and the invasion of Sicily in the southern Italian battlefield in Europe. Later, he supervised the advance against Nazi Germany's occupied areas (such as the Normandy landing). After the end of World War II, due to his outstanding military exploits, he was appointed by then-U.S. President Truman as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army (1945-1948) and President of Columbia University (1948-1953). He was also recommended as the first Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1951-1952). In 1952, Eisenhower ran as the Republican candidate. His main intention in running for office is considered to be to prevent his party rival, fellow Republican Senator Robert A. Taft, from pursuing isolationist policies after being elected. Taft had publicly opposed the establishment of NATO because he did not want the postwar United States to fall into the quagmire of "foreign entanglements" again. Eisenhower won overwhelmingly in that election and his re-election in 1956, defeating his Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson II twice in a row. Eisenhower's main domestic and foreign goals during his term were to reduce the federal fiscal deficit and curb the expansion of communist forces. In 1953, as the Korean War came to an end, he threatened to use nuclear weapons when facing the People's Republic of China's military, but ultimately agreed to sign the Korea Agreement

Desmond Mpilo Tutu (Xhosa: Desmond Mpilo Tutu, October 7, 1931 - December 26, 2021), formerly translated as Tu Demin, is the emeritus archbishop of the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town and the first African-American archbishop of the Anglican Church in South Africa. He is known as the pioneer of human rights theology. Tu Tu was also the winner of the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize. He began working to dismantle apartheid in South Africa in the 1980s, and began leading the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1995, and is famous for promoting transformational justice in South Africa. Tutu served as Bishop of Johannesburg from 1985 to 1986, and then Archbishop of Cape Town from 1986 to 1995. Tutu was the first black person to hold both positions. He aimed at the integration of black theology and African theology, and considered himself a socialist politically. Born in Klerksdorp to a poor family of mixed Xhosa and Tswana descent. Tutu moved around South Africa when he was young. Entering adulthood, he trained as a teacher and married Nomalizo Leah Tutu, with whom he had several children. In 1960 he was ordained an Anglican priest and moved to England in 1962 to study theology at King's College London. In 1966, he returned to South Africa and taught at the Federal Theological Seminary of Southern Africa, then at the University of Botswana, the University of Lesotho and the United University of Swaziland. In 1972 he became Director of Africa at the Theological Education Fund, a position based in London but which required regular travel to Africa. Returning to South Africa in 1975, he served first as dean of St. Mary's Cathedral in Johannesburg and then as bishop of Lesotho, where he played an active role in opposing apartheid and the apartheid system of white minority rule in South Africa. From 1978 to 1985, he served as Secretary-General of the South African Council of Churches and gradually became one of South Africa's leading anti-apartheid activists. Although he warned the Nationalist government that apartheid would lead to racial violence, as an activist he emphasized nonviolent resistance and the introduction of foreign economic pressure to change apartheid policies. In 1985 he became Bishop of Johannesburg and in 1986 Archbishop of Cape Town, the most senior position in the Anglican hierarchy in South Africa. In this role, he emphasized a consensus-building leadership model

Shii Kazuo (Japanese: Shii Kazuo/New Kazuo, Romanized: Shii Kazuo; July 29, 1954 -), a Japanese left-wing political figure. Leader of the Communist Party of Japan, the 5th Chairman of the Cadre Council of the Central Committee and the 4th Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Japan. He served as Secretary-General of the Central Committee from 1990 to 2000.

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (əŋˈɡoʊzi əˈkoʊndʒoʊ ɪˈweɪlə/; June 13, 1954 -) is a Nigerian economist with dual nationality of the United States and Nigeria. She is the first female Secretary-General of the World Trade Organization and the first Secretary-General from the African continent. Okonjo-Iweala served as Nigeria's finance minister twice from 2003 to 2006 and 2011 to 2015, and as Nigeria's foreign minister in 2006. She was the first woman to hold the above-mentioned positions in the country. She also served as an economist at the World Bank for 25 years and served as Executive Vice President.

Empress Dowager Cixi (November 29, 1835 - November 15, 1908), posthumous title Empress Xiaoqinxian (Manchu: ᡥᡳᠶᠣ ᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠᡤᡳᠩᡤᡠᠵᡳᠯᡝᡨᡠ᠋ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ, transcribed by Mu Linder: hiyoošungga gingguji iletu hūwangheo;), also known as the Queen Mother of the West, Yehenala clan, a native of the Xilan Banner in Manchuria, a female royal member and political figure in the late Qing Dynasty of China, the concubine of Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty (Yi Guifei) and the biological mother of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty. She was also the de facto supreme ruler of the Qing Empire during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years of the Qing Dynasty (1861-1908). After his son Emperor Tongzhi ascended the throne, he was given the title "Cixi". She was the last person in Chinese history to hold the title of Empress Dowager (but she died after reigning for only one day). Empress Dowager Cixi was in power during the reigns of Tongzhi and Guangxu, and was the most powerful ruler in China at that time. Including the previous two palaces with Empress Dowager Ci'an, she was in power for forty-seven years. During this period, he launched two coups, established a prince twice, and promoted reforms three times. The posthumous title is "Xiaoqin Cixi Duanyou Kang Yi Zhao Yuzhuang Chengshou Gongxian Chongxi Pei Tianxing Shengxian Empress". The length is the longest among the empresses and concubines of the Qing Dynasty, surpassing the founding empress of the Qing Dynasty and surpassing Xiaode and Xiaozhen (Empress Dowager Ci'an), the two wives of Emperor Xianfeng. As the most powerful female ruler in China, her 47-year reign was second only to Wu Zetian. Just three years after the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, the Revolution of 1911 broke out. Empress Dowager Cixi's niece and the last empress dowager Empress Dowager Longyu issued the "Edict on the Abdication of the Qing Emperor", ending the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

Shen Haixiong (April 4, 1967 -), male, Han nationality, native of Huzhou, Zhejiang, political figure and journalist of the People's Republic of China. Graduated from the Chinese Department of Hangzhou University (now merged into Zhejiang University) with a bachelor's degree and an MBA from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Member of the 11th and 12th Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, alternate member of the 19th CPC Central Committee, member of the 20th CPC Central Committee, currently deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, secretary of the Party Leadership Group of China Central Radio and Television Station, director and editor-in-chief of China Central Radio and Television Station.

Benny Tai Yiu-ting (English: Benny Tai Yiu-ting; July 12, 1964 -) is a Hong Kong legal scholar and politician. He served as deputy dean and associate professor of the School of Law of the University of Hong Kong. Benny Benny is famous for proposing "Let Love and Peace Occupy Central" in 2013. He believes that if Hong Kong cannot have "real universal suffrage", it should participate in occupation actions to strive for a "real choice" in the 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election. Later, Dai Yaoting continued to become an opinion leader of the pro-democracy camp. He proposed the Thunder Plan, the Storm Plan, and the pro-democracy 35+ primaries. He was repeatedly criticized and attacked by the central government, pro-establishment figures and the media. On January 6, 2021, Tai Yaoting and other participants in the democratic primaries of the 2020 Legislative Council election were arrested on suspicion of "conspiracy to subvert state power" under the national security law. On May 30, 2024, 45 of the 47 people in the case were convicted. Tai Yaoting, Au Noxuan, Zhao Jiaxian, Zhong Jinlin, and Wu Zhengheng were accused of being the organizers of the primary election, or the "ringing elements." During the plea process of the five defendants, the prosecution and the defense argued whether Tai Yaoting was the "ringing element" of the case. On November 19, 2024, Tai Yiu-ting was convicted of "conspiracy to subvert state power" at the West Kowloon Magistrates' Court and sentenced to 10 years in prison.

Dai Suli (1919-2000), a native of Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province, was a political figure in the People's Republic of China.

Fang Weizhong (February 1928 - March 16, 2025), male, Han nationality, from Haicheng, Liaoning. Politician of the People's Republic of China.

Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara (French: Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara, pronounced: [tɔmɑ izidɔʁ nɔɛl sɔɛl sɔɛkaʁa]; December 21, 1949 – October 15, 1987), also known as Thomas, was the fifth Prime Minister of Upper Volta and the first President of Burkina Faso. He is a Marxist-Leninist and Pan-Africanist who admires the Cuban revolution and is known as the "Che Guevara of Africa." During his three years in power, he implemented radical and efficient modernization reforms. His political philosophy is called Sankaraism. He is also one of the few practitioners of development economics in West Africa.

Thomas Jefferson (English: Thomas Jefferson, April 13, 1743 - July 4, 1826), the third president of the United States (1801-1809). He is also the main drafter of the American Declaration of Independence and one of the most influential among the founding fathers of the United States. Major events during his tenure include the Louisiana Purchase (1803), the Embargo Act of 1807, the Lewis and Clark Exploration (1804-1806), etc. As a political scientist, Jefferson adhered to classical liberalism and republicanism and formulated the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1779, 1786); this law later became the basis for the creation of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and Jeffersonian democracy was named after him. In 1792, Jefferson founded and led the Democratic-Republican Party (the predecessor of the Democratic Party). Jefferson served as the second Governor of Virginia (1779-1781), the first U.S. Secretary of State (1789-1793), and the second Vice President of the United States (1797-1801). In 1800, Jefferson defeated Adams, who was running for re-election, and was elected as the third president of the United States. After that, the party he founded ruled the United States for a quarter of a century until the split in 1824. In addition to his political career, Jefferson was also an expert in agriculture, horticulture, architecture, etymology, archaeology, mathematics, cryptography, surveying and paleontology; he was also a writer, lawyer and violinist; he was also the founder of the University of Virginia. Many people believe that he is the wisest among all the previous U.S. presidents. Later, at a dinner party for 49 Nobel Prize winners in 1962, then-President John F. Kennedy said in his speech to the social elite in the room: "I feel that the White House tonight has the greatest gathering of talent and human knowledge--perhaps excluding the time when Jefferson was dining here alone." In the 2005 America Online poll "The Greatest American", Jefferson was voted the 12th greatest American figure.

Thomas Sowell (English: Thomas Sowell, June 30, 1930 -), is an American economist, social theorist, and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution of Stanford University. Sowell was born in North Carolina and raised in Harlem, New York. He dropped out of Stuyvesant High School and served in the Marine Corps during the Korean War. After returning to the United States, Sowell entered Harvard University and graduated with honors in 1958. He received a master's degree from Columbia University in 1959 and a PhD in economics from the University of Chicago in 1968. Sowell has served on the faculty of several universities, including Cornell University and UCLA. He also works at think tanks such as the Urban Institute. Since 1980, he has worked at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, where he currently serves as the Ross and Milton Friedman Senior Fellow in Public Policy. Sowell writes from both a libertarian and a conservative perspective. Sowell wrote more than thirty books, and his work has been widely anthologised. A recipient of the National Humanities Medal, his scholarship blends history, economics, and political science.

Sir Thomas More (English: Sir Thomas More; February 7, 1478 - July 6, 1535), an English politician, writer, philosopher and utopian socialist, was one of the representatives of the Northern Renaissance. In 1516, he wrote the book "Utopia" in Latin. This book had a great influence on the future development of socialist thought and is considered "the starting point of the five hundred years of socialist development history." Born in a family of judges in London in 1478, he served as a lawyer, deputy finance minister, minister of the Duchy of Lancaster, speaker of the House of Commons, and chief justice. In 1535, he was executed by Henry VIII for opposing the creation of the Anglican Church in England and the implementation of the policy of theocracy. In 1935, Pope Pius XI canonized Thomas More as a saint, and in 2000, John Paul II declared Thomas More the patron saint of statesmen and politicians.

Rahm Emanuel (English: Rahm Emanuel, November 29, 1959 -), American politician, Democrat, former U.S. Ambassador to Japan (31st). A former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2003 to 2009, he became the White House Chief of Staff after Barack Obama took office. In 2010, he resigned as White House chief of staff to run for mayor of Chicago. His candidacy was once subject to a legal challenge due to his length of residence in Chicago, but later the Illinois Supreme Court recognized his qualifications. He was finally elected on February 22, 2011, and took office on May 16, becoming the 55th and first Jewish mayor of Chicago. Emanuel was a senior adviser to President Bill Clinton. In 2006, he served as chairman of the Democratic Campaign Committee, leading the Democratic Party to a resounding victory in that year's congressional election and regaining control of Congress. In 2022, he was nominated by President Joe Biden to succeed William Hagerty as the 31st U.S. Ambassador to Japan. He will retire from office on January 20, 2025 and return to China.

Ralph Johnson Bench was an American political scientist and diplomat who won the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation work in Palestine in the late 1940s. In 1963, he received the Medal of Freedom from President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Larry Craig (English: Larry Craig; July 20, 1945 -) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Senator from Idaho from 1991 to 2009. Including his term as a member of the House of Representatives, he has been elected to Congress for a total of 28 years, ranking second in Idaho history. Clegg advocated against same-sex marriage and LGBT rights, but was arrested by police in 2007 after he attempted to perform oral sex on an undercover police officer at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport.

Laurence Douglas Fink (English: Laurence Douglas Fink, November 2, 1952 -) is an American billionaire businessman. He is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of BlackRock, an American multinational investment management company. BlackRock is the world's largest money management company, with more than $10 trillion in assets under management. In April 2024, according to Forbes estimates, Fink's net worth was $1.2 billion. He is a board member of the World Economic Forum.

Napoleon Bonaparte, a French military strategist and politician, served as the first consul of the French Republic and the emperor of the French Empire, named Napoleon I. He led the French army to conquer Europe from 1796 to 1815 during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. In addition to ruling France, he also served as King of Italy and Protector of the Rhine Confederation, and implemented many reforms in the areas he ruled.

Timothy John Ryan (English: Timothy John Ryan; July 16, 1973 -) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 2003 to 2023. He is a Democrat who has represented Ohio's 13th Congressional District since 2013 and previously represented Ohio's 17th Congressional District before redistricting. Ryan's district now includes a swath of Northeast Ohio, from Youngstown to Akron. He is the Democratic nominee for the 2022 Ohio U.S. Senate election. A native of Niles, Ohio, Ryan served as an aide to U.S. Rep. James Trafficante after majoring in political science at Bowling Green State University and earning his J.D. from the University of New Hampshire School of Law. He served in the Ohio Senate from 2001 to 2002 before winning election to succeed Trafic Kent. In November 2016, Ryan launched an unsuccessful challenge to unseat Nancy Pelosi as House Democratic leader. He was also a candidate in the Democratic primary for the 2020 U.S. presidential election, and then ended his campaign in 2019 to run for re-election. Ryan was re-elected to his tenth term in 2020. In 2021, Ryan announced his candidacy for a Senate seat in Ohio and won the Democratic nomination with 70% of the vote. He lost to Republican nominee James David Vance in the general election on November 8, 2022.

Tim Johnson (English: Tim Johnson; December 28, 1946 -) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Senator from South Dakota from 1997 to 2015. His party affiliation is the Democratic Party. Johnson said in 2014 that he would not seek re-election to the Senate.

Baroness Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS, FRIC, formerly known as Roberts, commonly known as Mrs. Thatcher, was a British politician who served as the British Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party from 1979 to 1990. She was the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the longest-serving British Prime Minister in the 20th century. Thatcher was once described by a Soviet journalist as the "Iron Lady," a nickname that reflected her conservative and stubborn political stance and leadership style that refused to compromise. Thatcher's series of policies and propositions during her tenure as prime minister were later called "Thatcherism."

Moon Jae-in (Korean: Moon Jae-in/Moon Jae-in, romanized: Mun Jae-in, pronounced: [mun.dʑɛ.in]; January 24, 1953-), born in Nampyeong, is a progressive politician and human rights lawyer in the Republic of Korea. He was born in Geoje County, South Gyeongsang Province. He is a member of the Democratic Party of Korea. He once served as the 19th president of the Republic of Korea and a member of the National Assembly. Born on January 24, 1953 in Geoje County, South Korea (now Geoje City, Gyeongsangnam-do). Born into a humble family. When he was young, Moon Jae-in was a student movement leader and a practicing lawyer. He had long been involved in human rights campaigns. Before entering politics, he collaborated with Roh Moo-hyun and was a well-known human rights lawyer. After Roh Moo-hyun was elected president, he also joined the Blue House and served as his secretary-general. On April 11, 2012, Moon Jae-in was elected as a member of the 19th Congress of the Republic of Korea in Sasang District, Busan. On September 16 of the same year, Moon Jae-in was nominated by the Democratic Party to participate in the 2012 presidential election, but ultimately lost to Saenuri Party candidate Park Geun-hye by 1.08 million votes. From 2015 to 2016, he served as a representative of the Democratic Party of Korea. In 2017, he was nominated again by the Democratic Party of Korea, won the 2017 presidential election, and took office at the Blue House. On July 24, 2017, Moon Jae-in attended the 200-day countdown commemoration event for the PyeongChang Winter Olympics held at the Alpensia Resort and Convention Center in Pyeongchang County, and was appointed as the PyeongChang Winter Olympics Promotional Ambassador. On April 27, 2018, Moon Jae-in and North Korea’s supreme leader Kim Jong-un held an inter-Korean summit meeting at the Peace House in Panmunjom on the side of the Republic of Korea.

Wen Yan (July 27, 1981 -), whose pen name is Sun Buer, refers to his unwavering belief in Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles. Born in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Chairman of China Pan-Blue Alliance.

Stanley Ann Dunham (English: Stanley Ann Dunham; November 29, 1942 – November 7, 1995) was an American anthropologist who specialized in economic anthropology and rural development in Indonesia. She is the mother of the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama.