Scholars

Jordan Peterson is a Canadian psychologist and author.

Steven Pinker is a Canadian-born psychologist and science writer.

Noam Chomsky is an American linguist and social commentator.

Daniel Kahneman, also translated as Daniel Kahneman, was born in Tel Aviv, British Mandatory Palestine, and is an Israeli-American psychologist. He won the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics for his contributions to prospect theory. Published the best-selling book "Think Fast and Slow" in 2011.

Joel Mokyr (English: Joel Mokyr; born July 26, 1946) is a Dutch-born Israeli-American economic historian who has served as Professor of Economics and History at Northwestern University since 1994 and as the Robert H. Strotz Professor of Arts and Sciences. Since 2001, he has been a research scholar at the Sackler Professor Etan Bergras School of Economics at Tel Aviv University. In 2025, he won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

George Joseph Stigler (English: George Joseph Stigler, January 17, 1911 - December 1, 1991), born in Seattle, Washington, United States, was an economist, historian of economics, professor at the University of Chicago, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Economics. He is considered a member of the Chicago School of Economics and his stance is neoclassical economics.

Georges Politzer (French: Georges Politzer, May 3, 1903 - May 23, 1942), a Hungarian-Jewish French philosopher and Marxist theorist, nicknamed "the red-headed philosopher" (philosophe roux). Born in Oradea, present-day Romania (then Nagy Varad, Hungary). He was killed in the Holocaust.

Georges Eugène Sorel (French: Georges Eugène Sorel; November 2, 1847 - August 29, 1922), French philosopher and syndicalist theorist. His political thought is known as Sorelism. He was born into a middle-class family in 1847 and studied civil engineering. In 1892, he left his civil engineering position and concentrated on thinking and researching problems. In 1893, his thoughts turned to Marxism and he began to write analytical and critical articles. In 1897, he defended Dreyfus in the Dreyfus Affair. In 1902, he publicly criticized the then mainstream socialist and radical parties' assumptions of leading to socialism through democracy and constitutionalism, and enthusiastically supported revolutionary syndicalism. In Sorel's view, democratic institutions, with their universal suffrage and political dominance, will ultimately only strengthen the economic enslavement of the working class. After 1909, he gradually became disillusioned with syndicalism. After the October Revolution broke out in Russia in 1917, he announced his support for the Bolsheviks. He believed that the Bolsheviks could regenerate mankind morally. Sorel's philosophy combines the ideas of Bergson and Nietzsche, arguing that reason is subject to sensibility. This became the theoretical basis for the revolutionary socialism he founded. He believed that violent revolution by mobilizing irrational forces was the only way to achieve socialism. Sorel gave the general strike a mystical quality, believing that it had the thrilling power to mobilize workers to engage in "heroic violence" and thereby destroy capitalist society. Unlike some populists, Sorel saw socialism as governed by a small elite. Sorel believed that the general public did not have the ability to control themselves and therefore could only be ruled by the elite. His ideas had a great influence on Mussolini's later fascism.

Qiao Liang (January 9, 1955 -), a native of Qixian County, Henan Province, was born in Xin County, Shanxi Province (now Xinfu District, Xinzhou City). He is a military writer, military theorist and critic of the People's Republic of China, and a major general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force. He is currently the deputy director of the creative office of a certain Air Force unit, a strategy professor at the Air Force Command College, deputy secretary-general of the National Security Policy Research Committee, a member of the Chinese Writers Association, and enjoys special government allowances. He once gave a lecture on "New Interpretation of Thirty-Six Strategies" on CCTV-10's "Hundred Forum" program.

Jürgen Habermas (German: Jürgen Habermas, pronunciation: [ˈjʏʁɡn̩ ˈhaːbɐmaːs]; June 18, 1929 - March 14, 2026), one of the most important contemporary philosophers and sociologists in Germany, is a backbone of the second generation of the Frankfurt School of Western Marxism. Habermas served successively as a professor at the University of Heidelberg, a professor at the University of Frankfurt, director of the Institute for Social Research at the University of Frankfurt, and director of the Lifeworld Institute of the Max Planck Society. He retired in 1994. He inherited and developed Kant's philosophy, devoted himself to rebuilding the "Enlightenment" tradition, regarded modernity as an "unfinished project", put forward the famous theory of communicative rationality, and conducted profound dialogue and powerful criticism of postmodernism.

Wu Lao Ba Middle School was the name given to the Chinese Department of Wuhan University during its heyday in the 1950s, when it ranked first among Chinese departments in colleges and universities across the country due to its strong team of teachers, forming a nationally renowned academic group.

Abraham Harold Maslow (English: Abraham Harold Maslow, April 1, 1908 - June 8, 1970), an American psychologist, is famous for proposing the hierarchy of needs theory; this theory is a theory of mental health based on prioritizing the satisfaction of human innate needs, ultimately achieving self-actualization. He also emphasized the importance of focusing on people's positive (psychological) qualities and argued against treating people as "bags of symptoms."

Theognostus of Alexandria (English: Theognostus of Alexandria, 210-270), ancient Greek theologian. As the leader of the catechetical school in Alexandria, the academic center at that time, he wrote a lot of religious works, among which "Summum of the Doctrine of the Faith" became a powerful tool for orthodox factions to debate Arians at the Council of Nicaea in the 4th century AD.

Adam Smith (English: Adam Smith, June 5, 1723 (baptized) - July 17, 1790), a Scottish philosopher and economist in the 18th century, is often hailed as the "Father of Economics" or the "Father of Capitalism". He has two classic works: "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" and "The Wealth of Nations". The "Wealth of Nations" attempts to explain the history of European industrial and commercial development. It is the first modern systematic economics work and is regarded as a milestone in the development of economic thought. This work proposed many classic theories, including concepts such as free market economy, division of labor, absolute interests, and spontaneous market regulation, laying the foundation for classical free market economic theory. Smith studied moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow and Balliol College, Oxford University. After graduation, he successfully held a series of public lectures at the University of Edinburgh and established a profound philosophical friendship with David Hume, another representative of the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith subsequently obtained a professorship at the University of Glasgow, where he lectured on subjects such as moral philosophy and economics. While teaching, he simultaneously wrote and published The Theory of Moral Sentiments. He then served as a tutor to a nobleman, taking the opportunity to travel throughout Europe and meet other intellectual leaders of the Enlightenment. In response to the then common policy of protecting national markets and merchants by reducing imports and increasing exports (later known as mercantilism), Smith wrote "The Wealth of Nations", laying the foundation for classical free market economic theory. In this and other works, he developed the concept of the specialized division of labor and illustrated how individual rational self-interest and competition led to overall economic prosperity. His work as a whole had a profound influence on the development of economics, political philosophy, and moral philosophy.

Arthur Frank Burns (English: Arthur Frank Burns, April 27, 1904 - June 26, 1987) was born in Stanislau, Austria. He served as Chairman of the Federal Reserve from January 31, 1970 to March 8, 1978. He holds bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees from Columbia University and was the president of the American Economic Association. Burns taught at Rutgers University for more than ten years and returned to his alma mater to teach in 1941. Throughout his teaching career, Burns also served as president and chairman of the board of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He was later invited to serve as chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers and also served as a member of the President's Labor Management Policy Advisory Committee. Before serving as chairman of the Federal Reserve, he was also a special adviser to the president. Burns served as chairman of the Federal Reserve during the middle of the "Great Inflation" era (1965-1982). In short, loose monetary policy during periods of great inflation helps stimulate inflation and the expected upward pressure brought about by inflation. When inflation begins to rise, policymakers often respond laggingly, leading to an economic recession. Over the past decade, a number of unfavorable factors for the economy have fueled inflation. Such as oil and food price shocks. As Burns later concluded, “In an era of rapid change, there are too many opportunities for mistakes. After leaving the Fed, Burns became a distinguished scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, an adjunct professor at Georgetown University, and continued to speak on economic policy across the country. In 1979 he joined the bipartisan Anti-Inflation Commission, and in 1980 he chaired the Working Group on International Monetary Policy established by President Reagan, who later appointed him U.S. ambassador to Germany. Burns has published extensively in the field of economics, focusing on the study of business cycles, such as his books "Frontiers of Economic Knowledge: Essays" and "Reflections for Economic Policy Makers." Burns died in 1987.

Henri Bergson (French: Henri Bergson, pronounced: [ɑʁi bɛʁksɔn]; October 18, 1859 – January 4, 1941) was a French philosopher known for his beautiful writing and attractive ideas. In 1928, he won the 1927 Nobel Prize for Literature for "Creative Evolution".

Maximus of Ephesus (?-371), Neoplatonist philosopher and wizard. He was the teacher of Roman Emperor Julian in the fourth century AD and had a great influence on the emperor. After the death of Emperor Julian, he was imprisoned by Emperor Valens. He was later released, but was eventually executed for participating in the assassination of Valens.

Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM (English: Sir Isaiah Berlin, June 6, 1909 - November 5, 1997) was a Russian-British social and political theorist, philosopher, and historian of ideas. Although Berlin opposed writing for publication, his speeches and conversations were often recorded and published. Berlin's works on liberal theory and value pluralism, as well as his criticism of Marxism and communism, had an important influence on subsequent ideological trends. Isaiah Berlin was born in 1909 in Riga, the capital of Latvia (then part of the Russian Empire). He moved to Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) when he was 6 years old, and witnessed the 1917 Russian Revolution here. In 1921, Berlin moved to England with his family. He was educated at St. Paul's School in London, and then entered Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, to study classical literature. In 1932, at the age of 23, Berlin won a scholarship to All Souls College, Oxford University. In addition to his personal writing, he also translated the works of Ivan Turgenev into English. During World War II, Berlin joined the British Foreign Office. From 1957 to 1967, Berlin served as Chichel Professor of Social and Political Theory at Oxford University. He was president of the Aristotelian Society in London from 1963 to 1964. In 1966, Berlin co-founded Wolfson College, Oxford University, and became its first dean. Berlin was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1946, a knighthood in 1957, and an Order of Merit in 1971. He served as President of the British National Academy from 1974 to 1978. In 1979, Berlin received the Jerusalem Prize for his consistent defense of civil liberties. On November 25, 1994, Berlin received an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Toronto. He prepared a brief creed for the award, which was later called the "Message to the 21st Century." Isaiah Berlin-themed lectures are organized every year at Hampstead Synagogue in London, Wolfson College of Oxford University, the British National Academy and the Latvian city of Riga.

Ren Jiyu (April 15, 1916 - July 11, 2009), named Youzhi, male, was a native of Shandong Plain. He was a modern Chinese religious scientist, philosopher, historian, librarian, and academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. Director of the National Library, President of the Chinese Religious Society, President of the Chinese Philosophy and History Society, Chairman of the Chinese Atheism Society, Librarian of the Central Library of Literature and History, and Representative of the Fourth to Eighth National People's Congress, etc. He is considered the founder of Chinese Marxist religious studies and one of the proposers of "Confucian Religion Theory".

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (English: Burrhus Frederic Skinner, March 20, 1904 - August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behavioral scientist, author, inventor, and sociologist. Skinner is the main representative of new behaviorism. He held the position of professor of psychology at Harvard University from 1958 to 1974. He introduced operational constraints and wrote the famous novel "Two Taoyuan Villages". Skinner invented the Skinner box and introduced operational constraints to explain this phenomenon. He reformed radical behaviorism and founded experimental analytical behaviorism. His work in human behavior reached its peak with the publication of "Verbal Behavior". In psychological research, Skinner first proposed and refined the concept of response rate as a dependent variable. He also invented cumulative recording as a tool for measuring response rates, which laid the foundation for his famous behavioral concept of reinforcement. In a June 2002 survey, Skinner was considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century.

Zoel (Greek: Ζωίλος) was active around the 4th century BC. He was one of the Cynic philosophers in ancient Greece and a rhetorician. He was a disciple of Polycrates and the teacher of Anaximenes of Lampsacus. Known for his bitter attacks on Isocrates, Plato, and especially Homer.

He Guanghu (September 28, 1950 -), male, native of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China, a researcher at the Institute of Buddhism and Religious Theory, Renmin University of China, a famous Chinese scholar of religious philosophy, a public intellectual, and a Chinese theologian.

Professor Ho Man-wui, JP (English: Richard Ho Man-wui, born May 23, 1946), is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong, and a scholar of Hong Kong language and literature. He graduated from Chonglan Secondary School (Primary Section), St. Joseph's College, the University of Hong Kong (Bachelor of Arts, 1969; Master of Philosophy, 1972) and the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (PhD, 1975). He has taught at the University of Wisconsin in the United States and the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has successively served as a member of the Hong Kong Regional Council, an honorary professor of the Chinese Department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Provost of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and the founding principal of the Chinese University of Hong Kong-Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Community College (referred to as "Middle East College"). Ho Wenhui has written more than 20 Chinese monographs and more than 20 academic papers in Chinese and English. He is well-known for vigorously promoting the correct pronunciation movement of Cantonese in Hong Kong, but his relevant ideas have always been controversial.

He Yinzhen (about 1884-about 1920), whose real name is He Ban, also known as He Zhen, also known as He Zhen, and his pen names are Zhijian and Xiaoqi. "He Yin Zhen" is his pen name, and the character "Yin" is his mother's surname. She once published "Women's Liberation Issues" in Tianyi Bao under the pseudonym "Zhenshu". Feminists and anarchists in modern China. The second daughter of He Chenglin, a scholar from Wujin County, was born in Yizheng County, Yangzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province. Her husband is scholar Liu Shipei.