Writers

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov (Russian: Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков, May 15, 1891 – March 10, 1940), or Bogakov, was a Soviet novelist and playwright.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Шо́лохов; May 24, 1905 – February 21, 1984) was a Soviet writer. He was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for several terms, served as secretary of the Soviet Writers Association, and twice won the Order of the Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1922, he went to Moscow and joined the Young Guards. The following year, he married a Cossack female teacher, Mary Ji Groslavskaya. And published his first short story "Birthmark". In 1924, he returned to the Don River and began to write. In 1928, the first part of "Quiet Don" was published in the Soviet magazine "October" and immediately gained fame. It immediately attracted attention at home and abroad. In Germany, the sales volume even exceeded that of Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front". The young Sholokhov became a world-class writer. From New Year's Eve 1956 to New Year's Day 1957, "A Person's Experience" was serialized in "Pravda". In 1965, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his book "Quiet Don". Another novel, "New Reclamation" is the sequel to "Quiet Don". In 1999, the manuscript of "Quiet Don" was found in the home of a distant relative of Sholokhov's close friend Kudashov. At that time, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered the Ministry of Finance to raise funds and purchased it for US$500,000. The Russian Expert Committee on Document Identification confirmed that the manuscript was indeed Sholokhov's handwriting. It is currently treasured at the "Golky Institute of World Literature". UNESCO decided to name 2005 the "Year of Sholokhov".

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish novelist, playwright, and poet. Born on September 29, 1547 in Castel Henares, Spain, and died on April 23, 1616 in Madrid. He is known as the greatest writer in the Spanish-language literary world. His masterpiece "Don Quixote" is widely considered to be the first modern novel in the history of literature.

Michel Oliver (French: Michel Oliver, November 2, 1932 -), born in Bordeaux, Gironde, France, is a chef, television host and cooking writer.

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (English: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, /ˈruːl ˈtɒlkiːn/, January 3, 1892 – September 2, 1973) was an English writer, poet, and linguist. He created the classic epic fantasy books "The Hobbit" (1937) and "The Lord of the Rings" (1954-1955). From 1925 to 1945, Tolkien served as the Laurinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford and a fellow at Pembroke College, Oxford University. Thereafter he became Merton Professor of English Language and Literature and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford University, until his retirement in 1959. Tolkien was a devout Catholic and had a close friendship with C.S. Lewis, who was also a member of the Signs Literary Society, an informal literary discussion society. On March 28, 1972, he was awarded the Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. After Tolkien's death, his son Christopher Tolkien compiled and published the large number of notes and manuscripts left by his father. These legacy works (including the famous "The Silmarillion") are intertwined with "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" to build a large and rigorous fantasy universe. The system covers the myths and legends known as Arda (and the continent of Middle-earth within it), poetry in The Lord of the Rings, fictional history, the languages ​​created by Tolkien, and related literary essays. From 1951 to 1955, Tolkien used the term "legendarium" to collectively refer to this magnificent set of works. Although fantasy literature was not pioneered by Tolkien, the unprecedented success of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" greatly stimulated public enthusiasm for the genre, leading to the emergence of a large number of fantasy masterpieces and emerging writers. Tolkien is therefore revered by the public as the "founder" and "originator" of modern fantasy literature, and is widely regarded as one of the most influential writers in history.

John Green (English: John Green, August 24, 1977-), American writer and Youtuber. His 2006 novel "Looking for Alaska" was the winner of the Printz Literary Award. His 2012 novel "The Good Lack of Life" has sold more than 23 million copies worldwide and was ranked No. 1 on the New York Times bestseller list. He is also well-known for the Youtube channel "vlogbrothers" co-operated with his brother Hank Green, which has more than 4 million subscribers.

Saul Bellow (English: Saul Bellow, June 10, 1915 - April 5, 2005), American writer, winner of the 1976 Nobel Prize for Literature and the Pulitzer Prize. Representation of Saul Bello as Humboldt's Gift.

Sojourner Truth (English: Sojourner Truth, 1797 - November 26, 1883), whose real name is Isabella "Bell" Baumfree, was a famous early American women's rights movement and abolitionist figure. In 1843, she changed her name because she believed she was encouraged by God to preach abolitionism. Sojourner means "dweller" and Truth means "truth."

Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky (Russian: Иосиф Александрович Бродский; English: Joseph Brodsky; May 24, 1940 – January 28, 1996) was a Soviet-American Jewish poet and essayist. Brodsky was born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in 1940. He was imprisoned many times. In 1964, he was prosecuted for being a "social parasite" and sentenced to five years in prison. He was exiled to the north. In 1972, the Soviet authorities informed him that he was "strongly advised" to leave the Soviet Union and be deported. Settled in America with the help of Westin Hugh Auden and other supporters. He later taught at Mount Holyoke College and at schools such as Yale, Columbia, Cambridge, and the University of Michigan. Brodsky read all the famous Russian poems, inherited the excellent tradition of classicism, and was deeply influenced by Western modernist poetry, becoming "a master of constantly updating expression techniques." In 1987, when he was 47 years old, Brodsky won the Nobel Prize for Literature that year, becoming another young winner after Camus for his "all-encompassing authorship, full of clear thought and poetic intensity", "superb", "beautiful rhythm", "as rich as a symphony" and "heroic dedication to art". In 1991, he became the United States Poet Laureate. Professor Andrei Rankin of Moscow State University said: "Brodsky is the only modern Russian poet whose works have been considered classics... Brodsky's literary canonization is an exceptional phenomenon. No other contemporary Russian writer is revered as a hero to the author of so many memoirs, and no other conference is devoted to them."

Joseph Heller (English: Joseph Heller, May 1, 1923 - December 12, 1999) was a Jewish American novelist and playwright born in New York, United States. He is one of the representative writers of "black humor". His masterpiece "Catch-22" has become a classic of satirical literature. In 1998, Random House ranked this book seventh among the top 100 English novels of the 20th century.

John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 - December 20, 1968) was an American writer and war correspondent in the 20th century. He was the winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize for Literature and the 1940 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. His main representative works include "The Grapes of Wrath", "East of Eden" and "Of Mice and Men".

John Maxwell Coetzee, AC (English: John Maxwell Coetzee, abbreviated as J. M. Coetzee, February 9, 1940 -), also translated as Coetzee, is a contemporary South African novelist, winner of the 1987 Jerusalem Prize, and winner of the 2003 Nobel Prize for Literature. Coetzee wrote primarily in English. In 2006, Coetzee became a naturalized Australian citizen and taught at the Faculty of Arts at the University of Adelaide.

John Galsworthy, OM (English: John Galsworthy, /ˈɡɔːlzwɜːrði/, August 14, 1867 - January 31, 1933), British novelist, playwright, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Literature. Galsworthy was born into a wealthy family in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England. He studied law at Harrow School and New College, Oxford University, and became a barrister in 1890. However, he did not practice law after qualifying as a lawyer. Instead, he went abroad to help run the family business. During the journey, he met the writer Joseph Conrad. Galsworthy began writing in 1895, and the 1897 short story collection From the Four Winds was his first published work. His first published play, The Silver Box (1906), and his subsequent novel, The Man of Property (1906), were both successful. His and other contemporary writers (such as George Bernard Shaw) wrote works that dealt with social class systems and other issues, such as the play Strife (1909). Galsworthy won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his works The Forsytes trilogy ("The Man of Property", "Rent" and "Rent"). Galsworthy died of brain cancer at his home in London in 1933.

Najib Mahfouz (نجيب محفوظ, International Phonetic Alphabet: [næˈɡiːb mɑħˈfuːzˤ]; December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian novelist who is regarded as the most important Egyptian writer and one of the most important intellectuals in the Arab world. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988. He was the first Arabic writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Reason for the award: "Through a large number of meticulous works - insightful realism and arousing people's ambition - he has formed the Arabic language art that is appreciated by all mankind." Mahfouz and Tawfiq al-Hakim are contemporary Arabic literary writers who deal with existential themes. In addition to writing novels, Mahfouz also writes film scripts.

Victor Marie Hugo (French: Victor Marie Hugo, February 26, 1802 - May 22, 1885), French writer. In a life that experienced many major events in France in the 19th century, Hugo wrote numerous poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary criticism and political articles. Representative works include "The Hunchback of Notre Dame", "1993" and "Les Misérables". In France, Hugo is mainly commemorated with poetry collections, such as "Contemplation" and "Legends of the Ages". Hugo is regarded as a representative figure of Romantic literature and the leader of the positive Romantic literary movement in the early 19th century. He is an outstanding writer in the history of French literature. In addition to literature, Hugo also created more than 4,000 paintings and actively participated in many social movements, such as the abolition of the death penalty. When he was young, Hugo tended to be royalist, but he changed over time and became an active promoter of republicanism; his works touched on current political, social and artistic trends. Hugo was buried in the Pantheon in Paris. His legacy is commemorated in various ways, including a portrait on French banknotes.

Maria Wisława Anna Szymborska (Polish: Maria Wisława Anna Szymborska, Polish pronunciation: [viˈswava ʂɨmˈbɔrska]; July 2, 1923 – February 1, 2012) was a Polish poet and translator, known as the "Mozart of poetry". In 1996, Szymborska won the Nobel Prize in Literature for "poetry that reveals with ironic accuracy fragments of human reality in its historical and biological context." Szymborska's private life is kept away from the public eye. Her early work was influenced by socialist realism, but she later gradually turned to a focus on everyday life and personal emotions. In addition to poetry, she publishes columns in literary magazines and works as a translator.

Romain Rolland (French: Romain Rolland; January 29, 1866 - December 30, 1944) was a 20th-century French writer, music critic, and winner of the 1915 Nobel Prize for Literature.

Shu Qingchun (February 3, 1899 - August 24, 1966), whose pseudonym was Sheyu, whose pen names were Lao She, Jie Qing, Hong Lai, Fei Wo, etc., was a modern Chinese novelist, essayist, playwright, folk artist, and collector. He is widely regarded as a representative figure of modern Chinese literature. His representative works include the novels "Camel Xiangzi" and "Four Generations Under One Roof", and the drama "Teahouse", etc. On February 3, 1899, Lao She was born into a poor Banner family in Beijing. In 1918, Lao She graduated from Beijing Normal School and served as a primary school principal and student counselor. He was baptized in a church in Gangwa City and became a Christian. In 1924, Lao She was recommended to serve as a Chinese lecturer at the Oriental College of the University of London. He wrote "Lao Zhang's Philosophy", "Zhao Ziyue" and "Two Horses", and began to engage in literary creation in the true sense. In December 1951, due to the huge influence of "Longxugou", he was awarded the title of "People's Artist" by the Beijing Municipal People's Government. During the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Lao She was forced to kneel in front of a fire that burned his Peking Opera costumes and was severely beaten (the "August 23 Incident"). He committed suicide by drowning himself in a lake the next day or was beaten to death and thrown into the lake. He was rehabilitated in early 1978.

Nie Gannu (January 28, 1903 - March 26, 1986), formerly known as Nie Guofing, with the pseudonym Ganru, pen names Erye, Gannu, Gannu, Nie Ji, Xiao Jindu, Maisi, Hanhen, Tantai Miandu, etc., his family name is Sanhongjinshuizhai, a native of Beijing, Hubei, a writer in the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China, and a member of the Communist Party of China. His essays and old-style poems are very famous.

Sholom Nokhumovich Rabinovich (Russian: Соломон Наумович) Рабинович, March 2, 1859 – May 13, 1916), known by his pseudonym Sholom Aleham (Yiddish: שלום ־עליכם, Russian and Ukrainian: Шолом-Алейхем, also known as Shalem Arakmu), is a Yiddish writer and playwright. He was born in Pereyaslav, Ukraine, and settled in the United States after 1906. His main works are the novels "Sjembeniu", "The Warbler-throated Iosere", the epistolary novel "Menahan Mandel", the novellas "Tavi the Milk Seller" and "Motul", and more than 300 short stories and drama works. His representative work is "Fiddler on the Roof". His pen name is a Jewish greeting, which means "peace be with you" and is a cognate word with the Arabic word "selan".

Hu Yepin (May 4, 1903 - February 7, 1931), formerly known as Hu Chongxuan, was a native of Fuzhou, Fujian, and his native place was Xinjian, Jiangxi. One of the Five Martyrs of the Left Alliance. He is also one of the Twenty-Four Martyrs of Longhua.

Julio Cortázar (Spanish: Julio Cortázar, formerly known as Jules Florencio Cortázar, August 26, 1914 - February 12, 1984) was an Argentine writer and scholar, and one of the representatives of the explosion of Latin American literature.

Juan Ramón Jiménez (Spanish: Juan Ramón Jiménez, December 24, 1881 - May 29, 1958) was a Spanish Andalusian poet and winner of the 1956 Nobel Prize for Literature. He is a prolific writer, with his representative works "Little Silver and Me" (or translated as "Song of the Little Donkey") and "Sorrowful Aria".

Hu Huaichen (1886-1938), nicknamed Jiren, Jichen, nicknamed Jichen, pen names Jichen, Youhuai, Qiushan, etc., male, native of Jingxian County, Anhui Province, Chinese poet and researcher of classical literature.