Writers

Natsume Soseki (Japanese: Natsume Soseki/Natsume Souseki, Romanized: Natsume Sōseki, February 9, 1867 - December 9, 1916), whose real name was Natsume Kinnosuke (Natsume Kinnosuke/Natsume Kinnosuke, Natsume Kinnosuke, a Japanese writer, current affairs commentator, and English scholar from the Meiji to Taisho eras. Haiku "Yudao Hong", he was active in the literary world from the late Meiji period to the early Taisho period. He is also considered one of the greatest writers in modern Japanese literature, and is known as a "national writer". Representative works: "I am a Cat", "Young Master", "Straw Pillow", "Sanshirō", "Heart", "Light and Dark". His portrait was printed on the front of Japan's 1,000 yen D note.

Doris Lessing, CH (English: Doris Lessing, October 22, 1919 - November 17, 2013), a British writer, whose representative works include "The Golden Notebook" and so on. In 2007, she won the Nobel Prize for Literature, making her the oldest female Nobel laureate to date.

Duoduo (1951-), formerly known as Li Shizheng, is a modern poet. Duoduo's works are mainly lyric poems. Duoduo refuses to categorize himself and stands apart from various labels and poetry trends. However, because of his close relationship with "Misty Poetry" and "Today's School", he is often regarded as one of the representatives of Misty Poetry. Duoduo is also recognized as the one with the highest poetic skills among the misty poets, and was once regarded as the "last secret weapon" of the Today School. Duoduo began writing poetry in the early 1970s. Since the beginning of his creation, his poetry style has been different from the mainstream "collective lyricism" and "political lyricism" at that time. It is considered to be a purer lyric poetry. However, because his poetry is obscure and difficult to understand, few people know his poetry. In the late 1980s, while Duoduo was living in Europe, his poems began to become classics in China and became known to more readers. In 2004, Duoduo returned to China and was hired as a professor at the School of Humanities and Communication of Hainan University. Duoduo's return to China aroused violent repercussions in the poetry world. After that, a large number of comments about Duoduo appeared. He himself also started a new peak of his creation after returning to China. In 2010, Duoduo won the Neustadt International Literature Prize, causing a sensation in China.

Alexandre Dumas (French: Alexandre Dumas, pronounced: [alɛksɑədʁ dyma]; July 24, 1802 - December 5, 1870), formerly known as Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, [dyma davi də la pajtʁi], a 19th-century French romantic literary giant and the author of the world literary masterpiece "The Count of Monte Cristo". Alexandre Dumas is self-taught and is mainly famous for his novels and plays. In addition to "The Grudge of Monte Cristo", his most famous works also include "The Three Musketeers", "Twenty Years Later" and "The Vicomte de Bragelona", which is the "Dartan Romance Trilogy". He wrote many works in his life, including more than 150 novels and more than 90 screenplays. In fact, most of them were written by other writers in order to pay off debts and named "Author Dumas" for marketing purposes. Therefore, he was attacked as "the director of a novel manufacturing factory." The translation of "Zhong Ma" was made by Lin Shu, a translator in the late Qing Dynasty, based on the phonetic translation of Fuzhou dialect. His son Dumas is also a famous French writer. In order to distinguish the two, he called his son Dumas the younger and Dumas (French: Dumas, père).

David Herbert Lawrence (English: David Herbert Lawrence, usually written as D. H. Lawrence; September 11, 1885 - March 2, 1930) was a 20th-century British writer. He is one of the most important figures in 20th century English literature and one of the most controversial writers. Major achievements include novels, poems, plays, essays, travel notes and letters.

Ōe Kenzaburō (Japanese: Ōe Kenzaburō/Oe , Romanized: Ōe Kenzaburō, January 31, 1935 - March 3, 2023), a famous contemporary Japanese existentialist writer. Born in a remote mountain village in Shikoku, Japan, he studied French literature at the University of Tokyo. When he officially entered the literary world in 1957, he won praises such as "Student Writer" and "Kawabata Yasunari the Second". In 1994, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for "the 'mutated realism' of poetry that transcends language and culture, new insights, and poems full of concise images, which allowed him to return to his own themes with a strong fascination that eliminated barriers such as language." The Japanese right wing believes that "continuous criticism of Japan" is the reason why Oe was favored by the Swedish Academy. Oe's own explanation is that his award is "the victory of the periphery (literary) over the center" (he believes that from a cultural perspective, Japan should be regarded as the periphery of the world).

Dazai Osamu (Japanese: Dazai Osamu/Dazai Osamu, Romanized: Dazai Osamu, June 19, 1909 - June 13, 1948), whose real name was Tsushima Shuji (tsushima Xiuji/Tsushima Shuji, Tsushima Shūji, a Japanese scoundrel novelist, was born in Aomori Prefecture. Dazai Osamu had wanted to become a writer since he was a student. At the age of 21, he attempted suicide by throwing himself into the sea with a waitress at a Ginza cafe. The work "Retrograde" in the book "Late Years" published in 1936 was listed as a candidate for the first Akutagawa Prize. After getting married, he wrote works such as "One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji" and "Setting Sun" and became a popular contemporary writer. Late at night on June 13, 1948, he and his female reader and girlfriend Yamazaki Furei, who admired him, jumped into the Tamagawa River and committed suicide at the age of 38. He left behind works such as "Disqualification in the World".

Octavio Paz (Spanish: Octavio Paz, March 31, 1914 - April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet, scholar, critic, novelist, translator, and diplomat. He wrote poems, essays, novels, political essays, and literary criticism. Born on March 31, 1914 in Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, and died on April 20, 1998 in Mexico City, the capital of Mexico. His outstanding poetry creation earned him the Cervantes Prize, the highest honor for Spanish literature, in 1981. In 1990, he became the 10th winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature writing in Spanish. He was also the fifth Latin American writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature after Gabriela Mistral, Miguel Ángel Asturias, Pablo Neruda and García Márquez. He inherited the beautiful Spanish and Latin American Spanish poetry tradition, and carried forward the great literary legacy of Pablo Neruda (Chile), winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Literature, Juan Ramon Jimenez (Spain), winner of the 1956 Nobel Prize for Literature, Peruvian poet Cesar Vallejo, and Chilean poet Vicente Hudofro. "The Sunstone" is considered to be his award-winning representative work.

Olympe de Gouges (French: Olympe de Gouges, May 7, 1748 - November 3, 1793), also translated as Olympe de Gouges, formerly known as Marie Gouze, was a French feminist, playwright, and political activist. His works on feminism and abolitionism have a large audience. Born in southwestern France, de Gouges began her prolific career as a playwright in Paris in the 1780s. She was a passionate advocate for human rights and one of the first public voices against slavery in France. Her plays and pamphlets cover a variety of issues including divorce and marriage, children's rights, unemployment and social security. In addition to being a playwright and political activist, she was also a little-known actress before the French Revolution. De Gouges welcomed the outbreak of the French Revolution. As a champion of democracy, De Gouges always sought equal rights for French women and men. But she soon became disappointed when equal rights failed to extend to women. In 1791, in response to the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, de Gouge published the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Citizen, in which she challenged the practices of male authority and advocated equal rights for women. She was one of the few people who fought for women's rights during the French Revolution. During the revolution, she also published many essays on social issues and several plays. During the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution, De Gouges was guillotined for attacking the regime of Maximilian Robespierre and being close to the Girondins.

Aldous Leonard Huxley (English: Aldous Leonard Huxley, July 26, 1894 - November 22, 1963) was an English writer who came from the famous Huxley family. He is best known for his novels and numerous prose works, and has also published short stories, travelogues, film stories and screenplays. Through his novels and essays, Huxley served as an interrogator and sometimes critic of society's morals, standards, and ideals. Huxley was a humanist, but later in life he was also interested in spiritual fields such as parapsychology and philosophy and mysticism. Towards the end of his life, Huxley was considered a leader of modern thought in some academic circles, ranking among the most distinguished intellectuals of his time. He lived the rest of his life in the United States, moving to Los Angeles in 1937, where he lived until his death in 1963.

Ferit Orhan Pamuk (Ferit Orhan Pamuk, born June 7, 1952), Turkish writer, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize for Literature.

Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (English: Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde, October 16, 1854 - November 30, 1900) was a poet and playwright born in Dublin, Ireland. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is best known for his epigrams and plays, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, and his criminal conviction for consensual homosexuality in "one of the first celebrity trials". His parents were Anglo-Irish intellectuals from Dublin. The young Wilde learned to speak French and German fluently. In college, Wilde read the classics of the Greek and Roman eras; he proved himself a distinguished classicist first at Trinity College, Dublin, and then at Oxford University. Led by his two mentors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin, he became associated with the emerging philosophy of aestheticism. After graduating from university, Wilde moved to London to enter fashion culture and social circles. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he experimented with various literary activities: publishing collections of poetry, lecturing on the new "British Renaissance" and interior decoration in the United States and Canada, before returning to London to become a prolific journalist. Known for his razor-sharp wit, flamboyant dress, and conversational skills, Wilde became one of the most famous figures of his time. At the turn of the 1890s, he refined his vision of the primacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). The opportunity to precisely construct aesthetic details and combine them with larger social themes attracted Wilde to writing plays. He wrote Salome (1891) in French while in Paris, but could not have it performed there because of a British ban on stage depictions of biblical themes at the time. In the early 1890s, Wilde wrote four social comedies that made him one of the best-known playwrights of late-Victorian London. At the height of his fame and success, while "No Child's Play" (1895) was still playing in London, Wilde sued the Marquess of Queensberry for libel. The Marquis was the father of Oscar Wilde's lover, Lord Alfred Douglas.

William Pynchon (English: William Pynchon, October 11, 1590 - October 29, 1662) was a magistrate, financial officer, fur trader and theologian in England's North American colonies. He was the original proprietor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, leading the colonization of Hampden County, Massachusetts, and founding Springfield in 1636. William Pynchon returned to the Kingdom of England in 1652 and remained there until his death. American postmodernist writer Thomas Pynchon is a direct descendant of William Pynchon.

William Butler Yeats (English: William Butler Yeats, June 13, 1865 - January 28, 1939), also known as Yeats, was an Irish poet, playwright, and essayist. He co-founded the Abbey Theater and served two terms as a senator of the Irish Free State in his later years. Together with Lady Gregory and Edward Martyn, he promoted the revival of Irish literature. He was born in Sandymount, Ireland, and educated there and in London. He was a Protestant and a member of the Anglo-Irish community. He spent his childhood holidays in County Sligo and began studying poetry from an early age, when he became fascinated with Irish legends and the occult. These themes emerged in the first phase of his work, which lasted until about the turn of the 20th century. His earliest collection of poems, published in 1889, showed a debt of gratitude to Edmund Spenser, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and the Pre-Raphaelite poets in its slow-paced lyricism. From 1900 onwards his poetry became more authentic and realistic. Although he remained preoccupied with physical and spiritual masks and life cycle theory, he largely abandoned the transcendental beliefs of his youth. In 1923, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Sir William Gerald Golding, CBE (English: Sir William Gerald Golding, September 19, 1911 - June 19, 1993) was a British novelist and poet. He was also the 1983 Nobel Prize winner for literature, represented by "Lord of the Flies". William Golding was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace in 1988. In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third on its list of "The 50 Greatest British Writers Since 1945".

William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914 – August 2, 1997) was an American novelist, essayist, social critic, and storyteller. As a major member of the Beat Generation, he was an avant-garde writer who influenced popular culture and literature. He is considered "one of the most politically sarcastic, culturally influential and innovative artists of the 20th century". Burroughs published a total of 18 novels and short stories, 6 collections of short stories and 4 collections of essays during his lifetime. Five additional books contain collections of interviews and letters about him. Burroughs has also participated in numerous performance projects, music documentaries and film appearances.

William Makepeace Thackeray (July 18, 1811 - December 24, 1863) was a British novelist of the Victorian era as famous as Dickens. The most famous work is "Glorious World", in addition to "Pendennis" and so on.

William Cuthbert Faulkner (English: William Cuthbert Faulkner, September 25, 1897 - July 6, 1962), American novelist, poet and playwright, is one of the most influential writers in the history of American literature and a representative figure of stream-of-consciousness literature in the United States. In his creative career of more than 40 years, he wrote 19 novels, 125 short stories, 20 movie scripts, and one drama, among which the Yoknapatawpha series of novels are representative. In 1950, he won the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature for his "powerful and artistically unparalleled contribution to contemporary American fiction." Faulkner was born in a declining manor family in New Albany, Mississippi. When he was 5 years old, his family moved to Oxford in the same state, and he spent most of his life in this small town. He loved reading since he was a child, but he did not receive much formal education. He only spent more than a year at the University of Mississippi. He served in the Royal Air Force as a youth but did not officially participate in the war, and then briefly traveled to Europe. He started writing as a career in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, he wrote movie scripts for Hollywood to solve economic problems. His works had little influence at home at first and often failed to sell, but they attracted the attention of some young writers in Europe. In 1946, the 19-volume "Pocket Collection of Faulkner" edited by Malcolm Cowley was published, and Faulkner was widely recognized by critics. The style of Faulkner's works is varied, and the plots are often organized not according to the order of time and space. People and people, things and things, the past and the present are compared, creating infinite possibilities of meaning. The techniques of inner monologue and stream of consciousness are also widely used in his novels. In addition, he often consciously associates his works with religion and mythology, and uses a lot of symbols and metaphors. These works are both realistic and rich in imagination, and contain both pessimism and heroic passion. While describing the history of the American South, he expressed the alienation and loneliness of modern people, advocated tolerance, understanding and sympathy, and ultimately achieved human equality.

William Somerset Maugham, CH (English: William Somerset Maugham, IPA: /mɔːm/, ​​January 25, 1874 - December 16, 1965) was a modern British novelist and playwright. He was one of the most popular writers of his era and was said to be the highest-paid author of the 1930s. Maugham's parents died before he was 10 years old, and he was adopted by an emotionally distant uncle. He didn't want to become a lawyer like the rest of his family, so he trained and qualified as a doctor. The first issue of his first novel, Lisa of Lambeth (1897), sold so quickly that he gave up medicine and turned to writing full-time. He served in the Red Cross and the Ambulance Corps during the First World War and was recruited into the British Secret Intelligence Service in 1916, serving in Switzerland and Russia until the October Revolution of 1917. During and after the war, he traveled to India and Southeast Asia, experiences that were reflected in his later short stories and novels.

Wystan Hugh Auden (English: Wystan Hugh Auden, February 21, 1907 - September 29, 1973, most of his works were published as W. H. Auden), a British-American poet who is considered one of the important poets of the 20th century. Auden was born in York in 1907 and grew up in Birmingham. He became famous in the 1930s for his "Selected Poems" (Poems) and immigrated to the United States in 1939. During the Chinese Anti-Japanese War, he traveled in China and co-authored the book "War Travels" with Christopher Isherwood. He obtained American citizenship in 1946 and won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1947 with his poem "The Age of Anxiety". From 1956 to 1961, he taught poetry at his alma mater, Oxford University. He developed relationships with many male poets such as Christopher Isherwood and Chester Cullman. But while he was alive, he was still regarded as the second-most English poet of the 20th century after Yeats and T. S. Eliot, and in later generations his reputation tended to surpass them.

Sun Ganlu (July 10, 1959 -), male, native of Rongcheng, Shandong, born in Shanghai, is a Chinese writer. He is currently the vice chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a member of the presidium of the Chinese Writers Association, and the chairman of the Shanghai Writers Association. In 2023, the novel "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" won the 11th Mao Dun Literature Award.

Alice O'Connor (English: Alice O'Connor, also translated as Alice O'Connor, February 2, 1905 - March 6, 1982), formerly known as Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum (Russian: Алиса Зиновьевна Розенбаум, Romanized: Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum, pen name Ayn Rand (or translated as Ayn Rand, Ayn Rand), is a Russian-American writer and philosopher, famous for publishing novels and developing a philosophical system she calls "Objectivism". She was born and educated in Russia and immigrated to the United States in 1926. She wrote a play that opened on Broadway in 1935. She rose to fame with the publication of her novel "The Fountainhead" in 1943 and one of her most famous books, "Atlas Shrugged" in 1957. In her later years, she turned to non-fiction works to promote her philosophical ideas, and published journals and essay collections until her death in 1982. She advocated reason as the only way to gain knowledge; she rejected faith and religion. She supports rational and moral egoism and rejects altruism. Politically, she condemned the use of force as immoral and opposed collectivism, statism, and anarchism. Instead, she supports laissez-faire capitalism, which she defines as a system based on the recognition of individual rights, including private property rights. Although she opposed what she considered anarchist libertarianism, she is often associated with the modern American libertarian movement. In art, she advocated Romantic realism. She was highly critical of most philosophers and philosophical traditions she knew, with the exception of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and the classical liberals. Her novels have received mixed reviews from literary critics. Although scholarly interest in her ideas has increased since her death, academic philosophers have generally ignored or rejected her philosophy because of her oppositional (discursive) approach and lack of methodological rigor. Her writings have politically influenced a number of libertarians and conservatives. The Objectivist movement attempted to spread her ideas to the public and academic circles. Her philosophy and novels emphasize the concepts of individualism, rational egoism (rational egoism)

Ann Bannon (English: Ann Bannon, September 15, 1932-), formerly known as Ann Weldy, is an American writer. Between 1957 and 1962, she wrote six lesbian pulp novels, collectively known as "The Bebo Brinker Chronicles." This series of books has endured for a long time and has had a profound impact on lesbian identity; Bannon himself has been hailed as the "Queen of Lesbian Pulp Fiction".

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ˈtɕexəf]; January 29, 1860 [January 17 in the Julian calendar] - July 15, 1904 [July 3 in the Julian calendar]), a world-class Russian short story master and writer at the end of the 19th century. His plays also had a great influence on 20th century drama. He adhered to the tradition of realism and also inherited the characteristics of critical realism. It focuses on describing the ordinary life of the middle-class people in Russia and creates small characters with typical characters. It faithfully reflects the brutal current situation of the reactionary ruling class in Russian society at that time and criticizes the autocratic system of the Tsar. The three major characteristics of his works are the ridicule of ugly phenomena, the deep sympathy for the poor people, and the humor and artistry of the works.