People Library

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (English: Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, January 22, 1561 - April 9, 1626), was a British Renaissance philosopher, politician, scientist, jurist, orator and essayist. He is considered the founder of empiricist philosophy. Karl Marx also called him "the true ancestor of British materialism and of modern experimental science as a whole."

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, American novelist and essayist. Known for depicting the glitz of the Jazz Age. His success was only brief in the 1920s, but he is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American novelists of the 20th century.

Francis Yoshihiro Fukuyama, Japanese-American writer and political economist. Fukuyama received a BA in Arts from Cornell University (majoring in Classics and Politics) and a PhD in Political Science from Harvard University, where he studied under Samuel P. Huntington.

Francis Ford Coppola is an American film director whose family is Italian immigrants. His most famous works are "The Godfather" trilogy, "Apocalypse Now" and "400 Years of Blood." Coppola is considered one of the important figures of the American New Wave movement in the 20th century.

Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (Spanish: Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros; 1436-1517) was a European theologian during the Renaissance, commonly known as Bishop Jiménez (Spanish: Jiménez; Portuguese: Ximenes). Confessor to Queen Isabella I of Castile. He reluctantly accepted the appointment as Prime Minister of Spain and Archbishop of Toledo in 1495, but still lived a frugal life (even after he was promoted to cardinal in 1507). He also served as Grand Magistrate of the Inquisition and the Inquisition of Castile and León (Spain), and assisted in the campaign against the Moors (including the Moors in North Africa) during the Reconquista. During the reign of the Catholic kings of Isabella I and Ferdinand II, he carried out grand and exciting Catholic reforms, which vigorously invigorated the spiritual life of the country and played an unparalleled role in Spain's Golden Century (1500-1700). His reform was inspired by Christian humanism. Through close cooperation with the monarch, he enforced the strict code of conduct of the Franciscan monks and abolished the bad habits that could be seen everywhere among the parish priests, which greatly improved the discipline and self-motivation spirit of the Spanish clergy. He also worked with the monarch to curb the arrogance of the nobles, aligning the royal family with the towns, which greatly enhanced the royal power of Spain. He also funded the establishment of the Complutense University in Madrid; assisted in the large-scale printing of multi-lingual translations of the Compluton Bible (1502), and played an important role in the spread and accuracy of Catholicism. In short, he was the number one hero of the Catholic Reformation and a great contributor to making Spain a Catholic hero and leader in the 16th century. Modern historian John Eliot analyzed that it was the domestic and foreign policies formulated by King Ferdinand II and Bishop Jimenez that enabled the Spanish Empire to rise and become the first power in Christian Europe in the early 16th century.

Francisco de Zurbarán (Spanish: Francisco de Zurbarán, Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ðe θuɾβaˈɾan]; November 7, 1598 (baptized) – August 27, 1664) was a Spanish painter who became famous for his religious paintings. Specializes in depicting monks, nuns, martyrs and still lifes. Known as Spain's Caravaggio for his outstanding use of chiaroscuro. He was the father of the painter Juan de Zurbarán.

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Spanish: Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes; March 30, 1746 – April 16, 1828) was a Spanish Romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings and prints reflected the historical turmoil of his time and had a profound influence on important painters of the 19th and 20th centuries. Goya is often hailed as "the last classical master and the first modern master". Goya was born in 1746 in Funde Todos, Aragon, into a middle-class family. He studied painting in Zaragoza in his early years and later moved to Madrid to develop. In 1786, Goya became a court painter to the Spanish royal family. His early career was represented by painting portraits of Spanish nobles and royalty, as well as sketches of Rococo tapestries for the royal palace. In 1793, a serious illness of unknown cause rendered him deaf, which became a turning point in his life. Since then, his work style has become increasingly gloomy and pessimistic. His later easel paintings and murals, prints and drawings seem to reflect his bleak prospects on a personal, social and political level, in contrast to his early pursuit of social status. He served as director of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando and was promoted to "Primer Pintor de Cámara" (Primer Pintor de Cámara) in 1799. During the Peninsular War, Goya stayed in Madrid, an experience that seems to have had a profound impact on him. His feelings can be glimpsed in the series of prints "The Disaster of War" and paintings such as "May 2, 1808" and "May 3, 1808". His late creations culminated in the "Black Paintings" from 1819 to 1823. These paintings were painted directly on the walls of the "House of the Deaf" where he lived. At that time, he was disillusioned with the political and social development of Spain and lived a life of near isolation from the outside world. In 1824, Goya finally left Spain and moved to Bordeaux, France. He died in 1828 at the age of 82.

Fangju de Borja (Spanish: Francisco de Borja, English: Francis Borgia; October 28, 1510 - September 30, 1572) was a European theologian during the Renaissance. He gave up a duchy in southern Spain and joined the Jesuits. As the great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI (his grandfather was Giovanni Borgia), he brought great political fame to the Jesuits. He served as the third president of the Society of Jesus and was known as the "Second Father of the Society of Jesus."

Francesco Albani (Italian: Francesco Albani or Albano; August 17, 1578 - October 4, 1660) was an Italian Baroque painter active in his hometown of Bologna and Rome.

Floyd Mayweather, Jr. (English: Floyd Mayweather, Jr., February 24, 1977-), whose real name is Floyd Joy Sinclair (English: Floyd Joy Sinclair), is an American former professional boxer who holds five world championships. Floyd Mayweather is one of the most talented boxers in the world of professional boxing and one of the super boxing champions in the world today. He has good body flexibility, fast speed, flexible movement with his feet, excellent dodge, good at hugging and siege play, abundant physical strength, intelligence and courage, and is good at mid-to-long distance technical play that is good at defensive counterattacks. Mayweather was rarely injured during the game and his face was always clean after the game, so everyone called him "Beautiful Boy".

Florence Mabel "Flosie" Crean Harding, the wife of Warren Harding, the 29th President of the United States, was five years older than the president and the former First Lady of the United States (1921-1923).

Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (Norwegian: Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen, October 10, 1861 - May 13, 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, humanitarian and diplomat. In 1922, he received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work as High Commissioner of the League of Nations. As a young man he was a skating and skiing champion, and in 1888 he led a ski team across Greenland for the first time, cross-country skiing across the island. Nansen was born on October 10, 1861 in Christiania (now called Oslo, then part of the Kingdom of Sweden). Father Baldur Fridtjof Nansen is a lawyer. In 1880, Nansen was admitted to the University of Christiania (then known as Royal Frederick University) and enrolled in 1881, majoring in zoology. Nansen participated in the exploration of Greenland waters from March to August 1882. From 1888 to 1889, he successfully skied across the Greenland ice sheet, and in 1893 he expedition to the North Pole. Nansen planned to beach his ship on an ice floe off the coast of Siberia and then drift away with the ocean currents. Nansen carefully designed the Fulham, loaded it with enough fuel for eight years and enough food for six years, and set out from Christiania on June 24 with a crew of 12. Arrived at 86°13.6′N on April 7, 1895 and returned south. Returning to Christiania Port on September 9, 1896, he was warmly welcomed by many citizens. In 1921 he was appointed High Commissioner for Refugees of the League of Nations. In 1922, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his representative work on international refugee resettlement and related conflicts during World War I. He later advocated the issuance of a passport to stateless citizens, the "Nansen Passport", which is recognized by more than 50 countries. Nansen died at home of a heart attack on May 13, 1930. In the same year, the League of Nations established the "Nansen International Refugee Office" to continue his work. The organization won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1938.

Friedrich August von Hayek, CH (German: Friedrich August von Hayek, May 8, 1899 - March 23, 1992), an Austrian-born economist, political philosopher and social theorist who was later naturalized in Britain, is one of the important representatives of the Austrian school of economics and classical liberalism. In 1974, Hayek and Swedish economist Gunnar Murdal jointly won the Nobel Prize in Economics. Hayek has taught at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the United Kingdom, the Council on Social Thought at the University of Chicago, and the University of Freiburg in Germany. In his early days, he mainly studied monetary theory, capital theory and business cycles. His discussion of the price mechanism in coordinating decentralized economic activities is considered one of his important contributions to economics. Later, Hayek's research gradually turned to the fields of epistemology, cognitive science, law, political philosophy and social order. His discussion of the dispersion of knowledge, spontaneous order, and competition as a process of discovery had an important impact on economics, political philosophy, and social theory. Hayek criticized central planning, collectivism, and the viability of socialist economic calculation, and advocated free markets, the rule of law, general rules, and limited government. His masterpieces include Prices and Production, The Road to Serfdom, The Charter of Liberty, Law, Legislation and Liberty, and The Fatal Conceit. Among them, "The Road to Serfdom" is one of his most publicly influential books, with cumulative sales of more than 2 million copies as of 2010. In 1947, he participated in the founding of the Mount Pilgrim Society. In 1984, he was awarded the British Honorary Order of Merit. Received the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher, poet, cultural critic, classical linguist and composer whose works had a profound influence on modern philosophy. Nietzsche was a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He also wrote poetry and music as a side job.

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (German: Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller, November 10, 1759 - May 9, 1805) was a German writer, philosopher, historian and playwright in the 18th century. He was a representative figure of German Enlightenment literature and the "Sturm und Drang" movement. He is considered to be a classical writer second only to Goethe in the history of German literature.

Friedrich Engels (German: Friedrich Engels; November 28, 1820 - August 5, 1895) was a German communist activist, philosopher, political theorist, historian, textile businessman and journalist. He is one of the founders of Marxism, a close friend of Karl Marx, and calls himself the "second fiddler." Since meeting Marx in 1844, Engels provided Marx with a large amount of financial support and co-authored with him such works as "The Communist Manifesto", "The Holy Family" and "The German Ideology". After Marx's death in 1883, Engels continued to lead the international workers' movement, helped Marx complete his unfinished "Das Kapital" and other works, and promoted the establishment of the Second International in 1889. Engels's representative works include "The Condition of the Working Class in England", "Anti-Dühring", "Dialectics of Nature", "The Origin of Family, Private Property and the State" and "Feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy".

Fritz Haber (German: Fritz Haber, December 9, 1868 - January 29, 1934), a Jewish-German chemist, won the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his invention of the industrial Haber process for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. The Haber process was important in the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. Half of the world's population currently relies on fertilizers produced this way for food production. Haber and Born jointly proposed the Born-Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of ionic solids. He is also known as the "Father of Chemical Weapons" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and other poison gases as chemical weapons during World War I.

Fritz Machlup (English: Fritz Machlup, December 15, 1902 - January 30, 1983), an Austrian-American economist, was one of the first scholars to propose the concept of knowledge economy. Mahloup noted that some monetary authorities are keen to increase the currency reserves they manage. He likened the monetary authorities' pursuit of maximizing currency reserves to his wife's pursuit of more new clothes in her wardrobe. Later generations nicknamed this phenomenon "Mrs. Machlup's Wardrobe".

Frieda Kahlo was a Mexican female painter, social activist, and former member of the Mexican Communist Party. She was famous for her self-portraits. Many of her paintings were influenced by Mexican nature, culture, and personal experiences, expressing her profound exploration of personal identity, pain, and the meaning of life. Her real name is Magdalena Carmen Frieda Kahlo y Calderón, and she was born in the Coyoacán neighborhood in southern Mexico City. His father is a German-Jewish painter and photographer, and his family comes from Oradea, Romania (a Hungarian territory before World War I) and Baden-Württemberg Bampforzheim, Germany. Frieda's husband is the famous Mexican painter Diego Rivera.

Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (English: Frederick Sanger, August 13, 1918 - November 19, 2013), a British biochemist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. He was the fourth person to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the first person to win the Chemistry Prize twice.

Frédéric Mistral (French: Frédéric Mistral, September 8, 1830 - March 25, 1914) was a French poet who led the Occitan (Provence) literary revival in the 19th century. He shared the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1904 with José Echegaray. He was a good friend of Dode, who got to know him when he was young and wrote an essay for him called "The Poet Mistral", which was included in the "Mill Letters". Mistral devoted himself to the work of restoring and promoting the Provençal language in terms of poetry creation and language organization. In 1854, seven enthusiastic researchers of Provence, including Mistral and Romani, initiated the establishment of the "Philibrig" association, which specialized in promoting, publicizing and studying the language, customs and culture of Provence. At the same time, Mistral also participated in the editing work of "Selected Poems of Provence". On the basis of collecting and sorting out a large amount of local folklore, mythology, customs, language history and other materials, Mistral spent eight years compiling the "New Provence Dictionary". This dictionary not only records the treasures of Provence, but also builds an immortal monument to the Occitan language. Mistral's contribution to Provence culture lies not only in his discovery and organization of Provençal dialects and traditions, but also in his poems written in Provence, which raised this dialect to the level of literary language and broadcast Provence culture to Europe in the form of art.

Frédéric François Chopin (French: Frédéric François Chopin, pronunciation: [fʁedeʁik fʁɑəswa ʃɔpɛə], formerly known as Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, Polish: Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, pronunciation: [frɨˈdɛrɨk fraɲˈt͡ɕiʂɛk ˈʂɔpɛn]; March 1, 1810 - October 17, 1849), a Polish composer and master of piano technique during the Romantic period, who wrote mainly for solo piano throughout his life. He has always been recognized as one of the most outstanding composers of that era. "His poetic talent is based on professional skills that are unparalleled by his peers." He is often called the "piano poet" in the Chinese circle. Chopin was born in Zelazowa Wola and grew up in Warsaw; after 1815, Warsaw became part of the Congressional Kingdom of Poland. Considered a child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his early works in Warsaw. At the age of 20, he left Poland less than a month before the November Uprising; at the age of 21, he settled in Paris. Since then, he has only held 30 public performances, preferring the intimate atmosphere of the salon. He made a living by selling his works and giving lessons, and his piano lessons were always in demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Liszt Ferenczi and was highly regarded by contemporaries such as Robert Schumann. His marriage to Maria Wodzinska from 1836 to 1837 ended in failure; he subsequently maintained an often checkered relationship with the French writer Aurore Dupin (pen name George Sand). From 1838 to 1839, he and Sand's brief and unhappy stay in Mallorca turned out to be one of the most fruitful periods in his creative career. In the last years of his life, he was financially supported by Jane Stirling, who admired him. Chopin was frail and sick throughout his life and died in Paris in 1849 at the age of 39. Chopin's works are all written around the piano. Most of them were piano solos, but before leaving Warsaw, he also composed two piano concertos, followed by chamber music and nineteen art songs with Polish lyrics. His piano works are technically demanding and stretch the boundaries of the instrument itself; while his own playing is renowned for its delicacy and sensitivity. Chopin's important piano works include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises, instrumental ballads, etudes, impromptu, scherzos, preludes, sonatas - the forms he pioneered.

Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (August 4, 1817 - May 20, 1885) was an American lawyer, politician, and former Secretary of State.

Alfred Thomas Highmore (February 14, 1992-), commonly known as Freddie Highmore, is a British actor. The 6-year-old Freddy made his debut in the 1999 comedy film "Women Talk Dirty". He then starred in the films "Finding Neverland" (2004), "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" (2005), "August Love" (2007), "The Flirty Book" (2008), etc. He won many awards and nominations, including two consecutive Critics' Choice Movie Awards for Best Young Actor, becoming a well-known child star in Hollywood. As an adult, Freddie became famous internationally after starring in the American dramas "Bates Motel" (2013-2017) and "Murphy the Good Doctor" (2017-present). His outstanding acting skills were highly praised by critics and earned him his first Golden Globe Award nomination. Freddie was nominated three times for the Critics Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series for his performance as Norman Bates in the thriller TV series Bates Motel, and eventually won a People's Choice Award. Later, he played the role of Dr. Sean Murphy in the TV series "Murphy". In addition to setting the highest ratings for a new ABC drama in the past 13 years, this role earned Freddy a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Drama Series. In addition to being an actor, Freddy is also a screenwriter, director, and producer. He is the executive producer of "Murphy" and has also written and directed "Bates Motel" and "Murphy". In August 2018, Freddy established his production company Alfresco Pictures to develop multiple projects, including the Italian series Leonardo, where he participated in the show and served as an executive producer.