People Library

Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (English: Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr.; March 31, 1948 -) is an American Democratic politician who served as Vice President during the administration of President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001. The son of politician Albert Gore Sr., Al Gore grew up in Tennessee and Washington, D.C., and was born in Washington, D.C. After graduating from Harvard University and serving in the U.S. Army, he gave up law school and ran for House of Representatives from Tennessee's 4th Congressional District in 1976. After serving three terms, Gore ran for the U.S. Senate in 1984 and was re-elected in 1990. He was considered a moderate and an "Atari Democrat." Gore served as vice president during the Clinton administration from 1993 to 2001, defeating then-Vice Presidents George H.W. Bush and Dan Quayle in 1992 and Dan Quayle, as well as Bob Dole and Jack Kemp, respectively, to become the first Democrat since John Nance Garner to serve two full terms as vice president. As of 2025, Gore's 1990 reelection remains the last time a Democrat won a Senate election in Tennessee. Gore was the Democratic candidate for the 2000 U.S. presidential election. Although he won 543,895 votes in the popular vote, he ultimately lost to Republican candidate George W. Bush by 5 electoral votes. The election ended with the U.S. Supreme Court's 5-4 vote in Bush v. Gore, overturning the Florida Supreme Court's previous ruling on a recount. He is one of five presidential candidates in American history to win the popular vote but ultimately lose. After Gore stepped down as vice president in 2001, he remained active in the literary world and was an outstanding writer and environmental activist. His contributions to the field of climate change earned him (jointly with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. Gore is the founder and chairman of The Climate Reality Project, co-founder and chairman of Generation Investment Management, and co-founder of the defunct Current TV network. He is a former member of Apple's board of directors

Albert Abraham Michelson (English: Albert Abraham Michelson, December 29, 1852 - May 9, 1931), also translated as "Michelson" or "Michelson", was a Polish-American physicist famous for measuring the speed of light, especially the Michelson-Morley experiment. Michelson was the winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physics and the founder and first chairman of the Department of Physics at the University of Chicago.

Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE, was a British film director and producer known for his unique style and technique. He was good at using tense plots, excellent photography, clever editing and fascinating character development to attract audiences. He was known in the Chinese community as the "Master of Tension". In the 1920s and 1930s, Hitchcock shot a large number of silent and sound films in the United Kingdom. After that, he went to Hollywood in the United States and made many films in the United States. He became an American citizen in 1956, while retaining his British citizenship.

Alfred Russel Wallace OM FRS (English: Alfred Russel Wallace, January 8, 1823 - November 7, 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, illustrator, anthropologist, and biologist. He is famous for his independent conception of the evolutionary theory of natural selection. Wallace conducted a natural history survey in the Amazon Basin in 1848 and conducted extensive field surveys in the Malay Archipelago for eight years in 1854. In the Malay Archipelago, he determined the dividing line (Wallace Line) that now distinguishes the Oriental and Australasian regions in biogeography. He is considered the leading expert on the geographical distribution of animal species in the 19th century and is sometimes called the "father of biogeography" or "Darwin's shield." "Darwin came from a wealthy family and had no worries about food and clothing. He could go out to explore the sea and study behind closed doors. Wallers (Wallace) came from a well-off family with eight brothers and sisters. When he was 13 years old, something unexpected happened and his family fell into ruin, so he had to drop out of school." In the spring of 1858, Wallace fell ill in the Malay Archipelago. Lying in bed with chills and fever, he suddenly remembered the essay on population he had read 12 years ago. Malthus's classic proposed that the rapid growth of the number of individuals in a population will eventually exceed the growth of natural resources, bringing inevitable disaster. So Wallace thought: If we think about the evolution and survival of biological species from this perspective, this automatic process will inevitably improve the race, because in each generation, the inferior ones will be killed, and the excellent ones will survive, that is, the survival of the fittest. In this way every part of the animal's body could be modified according to need, and in the process of modification, the unmodified ones died, so that the peculiar shape and clear isolation of each new species could be explained. Over the next few days, he wrote his ideas into a 20-page paper and sent it to Darwin. In June of this year, when Wallace's paper arrived, Darwin had been writing his own work for some time. When he saw that someone half a world away actually proposed the same evolutionary mechanism as his, he was stimulated to quickly compile a paper and read it together with Wallace's paper at the Linnean Society of London on July 1. At that time, Wallace was still in Borneo, and Darwin was attending his son's funeral. Neither of them was present. Both men's articles were eventually published in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. These events finally prompted Darwin to write an abstract and expand it into more than 500 pages of "On the Origin of Species." Wallace was one of the major evolutionary thinkers of the 19th century, in addition to co-discovering natural selection

Alfred Müller-Armack (German: Alfred Müller-Armack, June 28, 1901 - March 16, 1978) was a German economist and politician who coined the term "social market economy". Since 1952, Mueller-Almark has served in the Federal Ministry of Economics under Ludwig Erhard and has contributed a lot to Germany's economic development.

Alfred Charles Kinsey (June 23, 1894 - August 25, 1956), also known as Kinsey, was an American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and researcher of human sexuality in the 20th century. He is best known for his publications Male Sexuality and Female Sexuality, collectively known as the Kinsey Reports, and the Kinsey Scales. Kinsey's research on human sexuality laid the foundation for the field of sexology. His research has influenced social and cultural values ​​in the United States and around the world. Kinsey attended Columbia College in his early years, and was later forced to attend Stevens Institute of Technology to study engineering for two years under pressure from his father. Finally, in 1914, despite his father's objections, he transferred to Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, where he majored in biology. Two years later he completed his studies in biology and psychology with honors. He then continued his graduate studies at Harvard University's Bosch Institute. In 1919, he completed his doctoral thesis on gall wasps and was awarded a doctorate in natural sciences by Harvard University. Kinsey was officially appointed as an assistant professor in the Department of Zoology at Indiana University in 1920. In 1926, he published a widely used textbook - "An Introduction to Biology". Promoted to professor 3 years after publication. In 1938, a committee was set up to take charge of and organize the newly launched marriage courses, and three of the lectures were reserved for himself to teach. This also became the motivation for his sexual research. After years of investigation, "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" and "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" were finally published in 1948 and 1953 respectively, which caused a sensation and put Kinsey on the cover of Time magazine in 1953. However, the content of the research caused a lot of controversy. He later founded a sexology institute at Indiana University in 1947, now known as the Kinsey Center for the Study of Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. Kinsey was bisexual and married MacMillan in June 1921. His personal interests include gardening and piano playing. In the early days, he would invite colleagues from the university to watch his piano performances.

Alben William Barkley (December 24, 1877 - April 30, 1956), American lawyer and politician. He served four terms as a U.S. Senator from Kentucky. He ran as Harry S. Truman's partner in the 1948 presidential election and won. He served as the 35th Vice President of the United States from 1949 to 1953.

Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (Finnish: Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto, February 3, 1898 – May 11, 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer. His design works include architecture, furniture, fabrics, glassware, as well as sculptures and paintings, although he does not consider himself an artist, but only sees paintings and sculptures as "branches on a tree whose main trunk is architecture."

Albert Camus (French: Albert Camus, pronounced: [albɛʁ kamy]; November 7, 1913 - January 4, 1960), French novelist, essayist, playwright and journalist; although he has repeatedly denied it, he is often regarded as a philosopher. He was born in French Algeria, and his local experience profoundly affected his thinking and writing. He participated in the French Resistance during World War II and wrote a column for La Combat after liberation. He gradually withdrew from political journalism around 1947 and focused instead on novels, essays, and dramas. Camus is famous for his exploration of the absurdity of life. His representative works include the novels "The Stranger" (1942), "The Plague" (1947) and the philosophical essay "The Myth of Sisyphus" (1942). Public opinion often classifies him as an existentialist because of his association with Jean-Paul Sartre, but he himself is sensitive and is considered to be attached to any ideology. In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature for "an important literary creation that sheds light on the issues of human conscience in our time with a clear and serious attitude."

Alberto Sordi (Italian: Alberto Sordi, June 15, 1920 - February 24, 2003) was an Italian actor, director, screenwriter, and singer. Sordi's acting career spanned more than sixty years. He began acting in films in the late 1930s and gradually rose to fame in the 1950s, starring in Italian comedy films. Soldi was a prolific actor, appearing in approximately 160 films during his lifetime. In addition, he also participated in film dubbing work and began directing films in 1966. Sordi is one of the most important actors in Italian cinema, especially in Italian comedy films. He is as famous as Nino Manfredi, Vittorio Gassmann, Ugo Toniazzi and Marcello Mastroianni. In addition, he, Aldo Fabrizzi and Anna Magnani are among the film representatives of Rome. Sordi has won 7 Italian Film Awards (David Awards) for Best Actor, making him the actor with the most awards. In 1963, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for "Devils." In 1972, he won the Silver Bear Award for Best Actor at the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival for "Uncensored". In 1995, he won the Golden Lion Award for Lifetime Achievement at the Venice Film Festival.

Alberto Giacometti (Italian: Alberto Giacometti; October 10, 1901 - January 1, 1966) was a Swiss sculptor.

Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer Schweitzer (January 14, 1875 - September 4, 1965), a German-French writer, humanitarian activist, theologian, thinker, doctor, organist, pastor, and musicologist. He holds four doctorates in theology, music, philosophy, and medicine. He is famous for his long-term humanitarian medical work in Africa since the age of 30. Schweitzer was born in Kessersberg, Alsace-Lorraine, Germany at that time. Half a year later, his family moved to Kingsbuck and settled there. Alsace is located on the border between France and Germany. Although it is mainly German, it has been part of France for a long time, so it was possible to speak both German and French languages ​​in childhood. He won the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for his founding of the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Gabon, western Central Africa.

Sir Anish Mikhail Kapoor (English: Sir Anish Mikhail Kapoor, born March 12, 1954) is a British-Indian sculptor who specializes in installation art and conceptual art. Kapoor was born in Mumbai and attended Doon School, India's elite boys' boarding school, before moving to England to receive art training at Chelsea College of Art and later Chelsea College of Art and Design. His famous public sculptures include "Cloud Gate" in Chicago's Millennium Park; "Mirror of the Sky"; and the ArcelorMittal Orbital Tower, a permanent artwork in London's Queen Elizabeth II Olympic Park. In 2015, Kapoor's image appeared in the British Cultural Marks section of the newly designed British passport. In 2016, he was announced as the winner of the Lennon Ono Peace Prize. Kapoor has received many honors and awards in his art field and is regarded as one of the most influential contemporary sculptors. In addition to receiving the 2000 Prize at the 44th Venice Biennale in 1990, the Turner Prize in 1991, the Turbine Hall Committee Award of Tate Modern, the Padma Shri awarded by the Indian government in 2012, he was also awarded the Queen's Birthday Honorary Knighthood in 2013 for his contribution to the visual arts. In 2014, he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. In addition, he received the Genesis Prize in 2017 for his contribution to contemporary art.

Abba P. Lerner, full name Abraham "Abba" Ptachya Lerner (English: October 28, 1903 - October 27, 1982), also known as Abba Psachia Lerner (English: Abba Psachia Lerner), was a British economist born in Russia. Abba P. Lerner was born on October 28, 1903 and grew up in a Jewish family in Bessarabia, Russian Empire. The family immigrated to England when Abba P. Lerner was 3 years old, and subsequently lived in the East End of London. Abba Lerner has worked as a machinist, a Hebrew school teacher, and an entrepreneur since he was 16 years old. In 1929, Lerner entered the London School of Economics and studied under Friedrich Hayek; Lerner stayed in Cambridge for six months from 1934 to 1935, during which he met John Maynard Keynes. In 1937, Lerner immigrated to the United States, where he met his future academic rivals Milton Friedman and Bailey Goldwater. Lerner did not stay at any particular academic institution for long, but he served on the faculty of more than a dozen institutions and accepted more than twenty visiting appointments. In 1965, when Lerner was 62 years old, Lerner was awarded the title of professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Since then, Lerner worked at Berkeley for six years until he reached the mandatory retirement age. While at Berkeley, Lerner criticized the unrest created by students' free speech movements that threatened academic freedom. Although he never won the Nobel Prize in Economics, Lerner is considered one of the greatest economists of his time.

Abbas Kiarostami (Persian: عباس کیارستمی, English: Abbas Kiarostami, June 22, 1940 - July 4, 2016), born in Tehran, is one of the most influential and controversial film directors, screenwriters and producers in Iran after the revolution. He is also one of the most famous Iranian directors internationally in the past 20 years. During the 1980s and 1990s, when the international community held a negative view of Iran, his films showed a compassionate and artistic side of Iran. Although Abbas Kiarostami made several award-winning films in the 1970s, his fame on the world cinema stage came after the Iranian Revolution. His masterpiece "Nema-ye Nazdik (1990)" became famous in France, and the international film community began to pay attention to Abbas Kiarostami's work. 1991's "Zendegi va digar hich" (Zendegi va digar hich) won him the following year's Un Certain Regard at the Cannes Film Festival. Regard won his first major Rossellini Award, 20 years after his first breakthrough film Gozaresh (1977), he finally won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival for Ta'm e Guilass (1997).

Achille-Claude Debussy (French: Achille-Claude Debussy, August 22, 1862 - March 25, 1918), French composer. He was the founder of Impressionist music and one of the most influential composers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His representative works include the orchestral music "La Mer" and the overture to "Afternoon of a Faun", the piano suites "Bergamask Suite", "Image Collection", "Print Collection", etc.; and the peak of his creation is the opera "Pelléas et Mélisande". Debussy was born in a simple family with little cultural interest, but he showed his musical talent when he was 10 years old and entered the French Conservatoire of Music, the Paris Conservatoire. Debussy invented a variety of writing styles that took many years to mature, even though conservative professors at the conservatoire disapproved of Debussy's innovative approach. Before he achieved international fame in 1902, Debussy, who was almost forty years old, completed his only opera, Pelleas et Melisende. Debussy has been influenced by Impressionist art since his childhood. Under the influence of the French music tradition created by Massenet and other predecessors, he combined some characteristics of Eastern music, Spanish dance music and jazz, applied French Impressionist artistic techniques to music, and created his own unique harmony. His music had a profound impact on composers after him. Debussy is generally regarded as the representative of Impressionist music, although he himself disagreed and even tried to stay away from this title. Some writers such as E. Robert Schmitz and Cecil Gray also believe that Debussy is a "symbolist" rather than an "impressionist".

Adrian Lester, CBE (English: Adrian Lester, August 14, 1968 -), is a British actor.

Adhemar da Silva (Portuguese: Adhemar da Silva, September 29, 1927 - January 12, 2001) was a Brazilian male track and field athlete, focusing on the triple jump. He represented Brazil in track and field competitions at the 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics.

Guilherme Antonio Arana Lopes (Portuguese: Guilherme Antonio Arana Lopes; April 14, 1997 -) is a Brazilian male professional football player who serves as a left back and currently plays for the Brazilian club Fuminnis.

Ammonius Sakas (Greek: Ἀμμώνιος Σακκᾶς, 175–242) was a philosopher from Alexandria who was active in the 3rd century AD and is often considered the founder of Neoplatonism. He was famous as the teacher of the statesman Plotinus from 232 to 243 years.

Asghar Farhadi (Persian: اصغر فرهادی, Romanized: Asghar Farhadi, Persian pronunciation: [æsɣæɾ fæɾhɒːdiː], May 7, 1972 -), Iranian film director and screenwriter. Well-known works include "The Separation" in 2011 and "The Storm" in 2016, both of which won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film.

Asta Nielsen (September 11, 1881 - May 25, 1972) was a Danish film and theater actress. Born and died in Copenhagen. She was the first star to achieve international fame in the history of cinema. Nelson was born into poverty. He began acting in theaters in 1902 and became a famous drama actor in Northern Europe in the early 20th century. In 1910, he became famous for starring in the Danish film "The Abyss" (directed by Obengate). Known as the "Duce of the North" and the "Sarah Bernhardt of Scandinavia". Soon, she applied for a job and went to Berlin. In 1932, after the Nazis came to power, Astaire Nelson retired and returned to Denmark. The films she starred in were flashy dramas about adultery, negligence, crime, forgiveness and guilt. The characters portrayed on the screen are often mysterious, doomed "sluts". Her outstanding acting skills, coupled with her strong and expressive face, deep eyes and slender body, made her a world-renowned tragedian. His major works include: "The Revenge of the Prince" (1922), "The Life of Christ" (1923, director: Robert Venet), and "Sad Street" (1925, director: George William Papst).

Alfonso Cuarón Orozco (Spanish: Alfonso Cuarón Orozco, pronounced: [alˈfon.so kwaˈɾon], November 28, 1961 -), born in Mexico City, Mexico, on November 28, 1961, is a Mexican film director, screenwriter, producer, editor and cinematographer. He is the first Latin American winner of the Academy Award for Best Director. Notable works include "Roma" (2018), "Gravity" (2013), "Children of Men" (2006), "Harry Potter: Prisoner of Azkaban" (2004), "You Fuck Too" (2001) and "A Little Princess" (1995). In 2014, Alfonso Cuaron won the Oscar for Best Director and Best Editing for "Gravity", becoming the first Latin American director in the history of the Academy Awards to win these awards. The autobiographical Spanish-language black-and-white film "Roma" shot in 2018 once again won the Golden Globe Award, the British Academy Film Award and the Oscar Award for Best Director, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the British Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Cinematography and Best Foreign Language Film, and the Oscar Award for Best Foreign Language Film and Best Cinematography; "Roma" became the first Mexican film to win the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, and the first Oscar for Best Director outside the United States.

Arman Soldin (French: Arman Soldin; March 21, 1991 - May 9, 2023) was a French journalist of Bosnian descent who worked for AFP. On May 9, 2023, he was hit and killed by a BM-21 rocket while reporting on the war between Russia and Ukraine near Chasivyar, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, triggering condemnation from journalist organizations and international leaders across the country. In July 2023, the French government posthumously awarded Soldin the French Legion of Honor.