People Library

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev tʊrˈɡʲenʲɪf]; November 9, 1818 - September 3, 1883, October 28, 1818 - August 22, 1883 in the Julian calendar), Russian realist novelist, poet and playwright.

Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, FRS (English: Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, November 26, 1948 -), is a molecular biologist. She was born in Australia and now lives in the United States. She has Australian and American citizenship. She is currently a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco. She is a pioneer in the field of telomere and telomerase research and was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Greder and Szostak for her contributions in this field.

Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (English: Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor; February 27, 1932 - March 23, 2011), a famous British and American film actress, is known as the "Jade Girl" and "Jade Woman" in the Chinese area. She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress in her film career, and has been awarded Lifetime Achievement Awards by the Golden Globe Awards, the British Film Institute, and the American Film Institute. She also received the Academy Award for Humanity for her charity work and was awarded the Order of the British Empire by the Queen of England. (Commander of the Order DBE) Taylor debuted as a 10-year-old child star in 1942 and successfully transformed into an adult actress in the 1950s, starring in such masterpieces as "Giant" and "Cat on a Hot Leather Roof." In 1963, he became the first actor in history to earn a million-dollar salary with "Cleopatra." In 1966, he received the best reviews of his acting career in "The Last Night" and won his second Oscar. In the late 1960s, Taylor's film career began to decline, but she still appeared in many films and stage plays. Beginning in the 1980s, Taylor turned to charity and went into politics to fight AIDS, lobbying politicians to pay attention to the disease and establishing his own AIDS organization. Taylor's jewelry collection during her lifetime was comparable to that of a royal family, with Burton's 68-carat engagement ring being the most famous. Taylor is also the first celebrity to have her own perfume brand. Even though Taylor played many wonderful roles at work, her personal life was quite topical. She had two affairs with married women: with Eddie Fisher in 1958 and with Richard Burton in 1962, which made Taylor the target of paparazzi. His public image was polarized in the conservative 1950s and 1960s, but it made him extremely famous. He married eight times in his life, twice to Richard Burton, and had four children.

Elizabeth Roemer (English: Elizabeth Roemer, September 4, 1929 – April 8, 2016) was an American astronomer who studied comets and asteroids. She is famous for the discovery of the Lost Comet, two asteroids, and the co-discovery of Jupiter's moon Europa. The asteroid 1657 is named after her.

Elizabeth I (English: Elizabeth I; September 7, 1533 - March 24, 1603), served as Queen of England and Ireland from November 17, 1558 to March 24, 1603. She was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Because she never married, she was known as "The Virgin Queen", also known as "Gloriana" and "Good Queen Bess" (literally translated as "Good Queen Bess"). The Tudor monarchs who preceded her were Henry VII, her father Henry VIII, her brother Edward VI, and her half-sister Mary I. Elizabeth's reign is called the Elizabethan Era, also known as the "Golden Age". After she succeeded to the throne, she promoted religious reconciliation and not only successfully maintained the unity of England. After nearly half a century of rule, English culture also reached its peak. In 1588, she defeated the Spanish Armada, which became one of the most significant military victories in British history.

Elizabeth II (English: Elizabeth II; April 21, 1926 - September 8, 2022), whose full name is Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (English: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary), was the Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth kingdoms and the Head of Commonwealth from 1952 to 2022. She served as queen of 32 sovereign countries during her lifetime and was monarch of 15 kingdoms at the time of her death. She has reigned for more than 70 years, making her the longest-reigning monarch in British history, the second-longest-reigning monarch in a sovereign country in the world, and the longest-reigning female monarch in world history. Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, during the reign of her grandfather, George V. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later George VI and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother). In 1936, when Edward VIII abdicated and her father, George VI, succeeded to the throne, ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth became the heir presumptive. She was educated at home and began public duty during the Second World War, serving in the Native Auxiliary Forces. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, the former Prince of Greece and Denmark. Their marriage lasted for 73 years until his death in 2021. They had four children, Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward. After her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth, then 25 years old, became the queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries, namely the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon, and was also the head of state of the Commonwealth. As a constitutional monarch, she experienced major political changes such as the Northern Ireland Troubles, the devolution of power in the United Kingdom, and the decolonization of Africa. The number of territories she rules changes as some become independent and some become republics. During Elizabeth's reign, there were more than 170 prime ministers or prime ministers in her territory. She has made many historic visits and meetings, including a state visit to the People's Republic of China in 1986, Russia in 1994, and the Republic of Ireland in 2011, and has met with five popes and fourteen U.S. presidents. Significant events during her reign include her coronation in 1953, and her silver, golden, diamond and platinum jubilee celebrations. Although republican trends have emerged from time to time, media criticism of his family has also occurred from time to time - especially after the breakdown of his children's marriages and the 1999

Ivan Alexeevich Bunin (Russian: Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин, October 22, 1870 – November 8, 1953) was a Russian writer and winner of the 1933 Nobel Prize for Literature. Born into a declining aristocratic family in the city of Voronezh, his father Alexey Nikolayevich Bunin was a prodigal son who drank and gambled excessively and squandered all his property. His mother, Lyudmila Alexandrovna, was often sad and shed tears. Later, the family was forced to move to his grandfather's Butyrki estate, and later to his grandmother's estate in Orel Province. Bunin spent his childhood in a quiet rural life. In 1881, Bunin studied at the Noble Boys' High School in Yelets County, but dropped out of school. As the family's financial situation deteriorated, Buning began to work outside the home very early. He worked as a proofreader, statistician, librarian, and reporter. When he was working at the Orel Herald, he met a girl named Varya Paschenko. They fell in love for two years and finally broke up due to the opposition of the girl's parents. Bunin caused a lot of trauma in his soul. Most of his novels have tragic endings. He has studied under Leo Tolstoy, Chekhov, Gorky and other writers, and has written for Gorky's "Knowledge Publishing House". He began publishing literary works in 1887. He published his first collection of poems in 1892, his first short story in 1897, and his collection of poems "Falling Leaves" in 1901, which was based on the theme of the motherland, its poor villages and vast forests, and won the Pushkin Prize. After the October Revolution in 1920, he went into exile in France. Wrote nearly 200 short stories. His major works include the poetry collection "Falling Leaves", the short stories "Three Rubles", "Heatstroke", "Antonov's Apples", "Pine Tree", "Crow", "New Road", "Paris", the novella "Country", etc. In 1933, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature for "Mija's Love". Reason for winning the Nobel Prize: "Because of his rigorous artistic talent, he has enabled the Russian classical tradition to be carried forward in prose."

Iggy Pop (English: Iggy Pop, April 21, 1947 -), whose real name is James Newell Osterberg, Jr., is an American singer and musician who sometimes participates in theater performances. Iggy Pop is considered an influential innovator in music genres such as punk rock. Iggy Papp originally served as the drummer for the band Iggy and the Stooges. In 1967, inspired by the success of The Doors, he changed the band's name to The Stooges. Their music style has been described as primitive and decadent rock.

Italo Calvino (Italian: Italo Calvino, October 15, 1923 - September 19, 1985) was an Italian writer born in Havana, Cuba. His strange and imaginative allegorical works made him one of the most important Italian novelists of the twentieth century.

Max·Forrest·eastman（English：Max Forrester Eastman，1883Year1moon4day—1969Year3moon25day），American writer、poet、well-known political activist，Writing content involving literature、philosophy and sociology。While in graduate school in New York, I came into contact with radicals in Greenwich Village.，Start supporting socialism，was a major benefactor of the Harlem Renaissance，for advocating many freedoms、Radical ideological activities and social activities。 He was the editor of the journal Masses. In 1917, together with his sister Christel Eastman, he founded the radical political and artistic journal "The Liberator". 1922autumn solstice1924summer，Eastman lived in the Soviet Union，Witness the power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin，It also witnessed Stalin’s eventual sudden seizure of power.。As a witness to the Great Purge and Soviet totalitarianism，He first criticized Stalinism，Later, he went on to fiercely criticize both communism and socialism in the broad sense.，Turn to advocate the free market economic model of Iran，against communism，Although he still retained his atheistic views。 1955Year，he published《Reflections on the failure of socialism》a book，Although his later articles were mostly found in《national review》publications that tend to be conservative，But his thoughts have always remained independent，for example，exist1960Era，He publicly criticized the United States over the Vietnam War before most others.。 When Eastman left the Soviet Union, he took a copy of Lenin's Testament with him. After returning to the United States in 1927, he changed his views and began to fiercely criticize socialism, communism, and the Stalinist system. Eastman's wife's brother was the old Bolshevik Nikolay Vasilyevich Krylenko.

Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent (French: Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent, August 1, 1936 – June 1, 2008) was a French fashion designer who is considered one of the greatest French designers of the 20th century. Gucci Group bought Yves Saint Laurent's brand in 2002.

Ihan Vince (Turkish: İlhan Mansız, August 10, 1975 -), born in Kempten, the Bavarian city of West Germany, is a Turkish Crimean Tatar football player who serves as a forward.

Ian James Thorpe, born in Sydney, is an Australian former male swimmer, nicknamed Torpedo, sometimes nicknamed Thorpedo or Thorpey, and recipient of the Order of the Australian Medal. Thorpe once broke the world record three times in 48 hours and won a total of 5 Olympic gold medals, 3 silver medals and 1 bronze medal. He is the Australian with the most gold medals to date.

Sir Ian Murray McKellen, CH, CBE (English: Sir Ian Murray McKellen, born 25 May 1939) is a British actor, known as one of the most outstanding actors in the UK. In 1979, he was awarded the British CBE for his outstanding contribution to drama. In 1991, he was awarded the title of Knight CBE. McClain has a wide range of acting roles, including serious Shakespearean plays on stage, modern dramas, and popular action movies, all of which have outstanding performances. He has won many awards for his stage and film performances. In 1998, he was nominated for an Academy Award for "Gods and Beasts". He also played the role of Richard III in stage plays and films and won awards. In recent years, he has participated in many high-profile Hollywood film performances. His famous roles include Gandalf in the "Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, Magneto in "X-Men" and Sir Leigh in "The Da Vinci Code". McLean is an openly gay man. He is also famous for fighting for gay rights. He is the spokesman for Stonewall, the most influential gay organization in the UK, and has been working hard for gay equality.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor who became a French citizen in 1934 and an American citizen in 1945. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century and a turning point in modernist music.

Yitzhak Rabin (Hebrew: יצחק רבין, pronounced: [itsˈχak ˈʁabin]; March 1, 1922 - November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and retired Israeli Army Lieutenant General in the Israel Defense Forces. He served as the Prime Minister of Israel twice (1974-1977; 1992-1995). He was assassinated in 1995 while serving as prime minister. Rabin is the first prime minister born in Israel, the second prime minister to die in office (the first prime minister to die in office was Levi Eshkol) and the only prime minister to be assassinated.

Israel Epstein (Polish: Israel Epstein, April 20, 1915 - May 26, 2005), Chinese name Aipei, was a Chinese-Jewish Polish journalist and writer. Epstein holds the nationality of the People's Republic of China. He is one of the few foreigners who has joined the Communist Party of China and believes in Marxism-Leninism. He was evaluated by the Communist Party of China as "an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China and an outstanding internationalist fighter."

Imaan Maxamed Cabdimajiid (Somali: ايمان محمد عبد المجيد, born July 25, 1955) is a Somali-American fashion model, actress and entrepreneur. A pioneer in the field of ethnic cosmetics, she also focused on charity work with her husband, David Bowie. In the music video of Michael Jackson's music single "Remember The Time" released in 1992, he participated in the role of the Queen of Ancient Egypt.

Iman Khalif (Arabic: إيمان خليف, Romanized: ʾĪmān Khalīf, born May 2, 1999) is an Algerian female boxer. Represented Algeria in the 2020 Summer Olympics. In the 2024 Summer Olympics, the gender controversy created by the International Boxing Association caused her and Taiwanese female boxer Lin Yuting to be bullied online globally. Although LGBT is illegal in Algeria, it was also questioned by many European and American people. In the end, Khalif won the women's heavyweight boxing gold medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Immanuel Kant (German: Immanuel Kant; April 22, 1724 - February 12, 1804) was a German philosopher during the Enlightenment Era and the founder of German classical philosophy. His teachings deeply influenced modern Western philosophy and initiated many schools such as German idealism and Kantian deontology. And influenced later generations, giving birth to Neo-Kantianism. Kant was the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment and a representative figure in German thought. He reconciled the rationalism of René Descartes with the empiricism of Francis Bacon and is considered one of the most influential thinkers in the West after Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Kant has his own ideological system, of which the three core works are collectively called the "Three Critiques", namely the "Critique of Pure Reason", the "Critique of Practical Reason" and the "Critique of Judgment". These three works systematically elaborate on his knowledge, ethics and aesthetics thoughts respectively. The Critique of Pure Reason has received particular attention from the academic community, marking the shift in the main direction of philosophical research from ontology to epistemology. It is an epoch-making masterpiece in the history of Western philosophy. In addition, Kant also has important works in the fields of religious philosophy, legal philosophy and historical philosophy. A basic starting point of Kant's philosophical theory is that the ability to transform perceptual intuition (experience) into knowledge - pure intellectual concepts (i.e. "categories"), and the ability to practice ideas outside knowledge (such as God, the immortal soul, free will) - pure rational concepts are all functions of reason and are innate to humans. Without them we would not be able to understand the world. His epistemology and ethics were to demonstrate knowledge and morality respectively. He criticized and absorbed British empiricism (Hume, Berkeley) and European rationalism (mainly the rational tradition of Wolf-Leibniz), and had a profound influence on German idealism (Fichte and Hegel) and romanticism. Epistemology ("Critique of Pure Reason") and ethics ("Critique of Practical Reason") constitute the two major parts of Kant's philosophy. The former is about the "phenomenal world"; the latter is about "freedom of will" and is opposite and dichotomous. The intermediary between the two becomes the final thought of Kant's "Critical Philosophy", and the communication and unity of nature and freedom lie in the "Critique of Judgment". In addition, he also proposed the first modern theoretical explanation for the formation of the solar system, the Kant-Laplace hypothesis.

Masayoshi Ito (December 15, 1913 - May 20, 1994), Japanese politician. He served as a member of the House of Representatives (9th term), Minister of Foreign Affairs (109th generation), Deputy Prime Minister, Chief Cabinet Secretary (43rd generation), Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Government Affairs Investigation (32nd generation), and General Affairs Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party (30th generation). His grandfather was Ito Kensuke, a feudal lord of the Aizu domain.

Ignacy Jan Paderewski, GBE (Polish: Ignacy Jan Paderewski, pronunciation: [iɡˈnatsɨ ˈjan padɛˈrɛfskʲi] ; November 18, 1860 - June 29, 1941), a Polish pianist, composer, politician, and diplomat. He was one of the outstanding world-class piano masters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1919, he served as the Prime Minister of Poland and concurrently served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Ethan Katzberg (English: Ethan Katzberg, April 5, 2002 -), Canadian hammer throw athlete. He is the current Olympic and world champion in the event, having won the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. He won the silver medal in the men's hammer throw at the 2022 Commonwealth Games and the gold medal in the men's hammer throw at the 2023 World Athletics Championships, breaking the Canadian hammer throw national record with a score of 81.18 meters. He is a former member of the Nanaimo Track and Field Club.

Ivo Andrić (Croatian: Ivo Andrić, October 9, 1892 - March 13, 1975) was a former Yugoslav Serb-Croatian writer and winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize for Literature.