Scientists

Gerald Jay Sussman (English: Gerald Jay Sussman, February 8, 1947 -), born in the United States, is a famous computer scientist and is currently a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is one of the founding fathers of the Free Software Foundation and is currently a director.

Lin Shuyan (1903-November 1974), a native of Qiongshan County, was a pioneer in ichthyology and aquaculture research in China. He was famous for his early research on fish in South China, especially fish in Guangdong and Hong Kong. In the 1940s, he worked at the Hong Kong Fisheries Research Institute and provided professional guidance to Chung Lin (the latter played a key role in the successful artificial breeding of domestic fish in the late 1950s). Tang fish, a second-level protected wild animal in China, was discovered and named by Lin Shuyan in Baiyun Mountain in 1932.

Lin Zunqi (June 3, 1942 - May 28, 2018), a native of Chaoyang, Guangdong, was born in Beijing and is an expert in high-power laser technology in China. The son of Lin Zhiyuan, chief engineer and vice president of Beijing Municipal Design and Research Institute. He graduated from the Radio Department of the University of Science and Technology of China in 1964, and then studied as a graduate student at the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and chief engineer of the National Laboratory of High Power Laser Physics. In 2003, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Linus Benedikt Torvalds, born in Helsinki, Finland, has American nationality and is the earliest author of the Linux kernel. He later launched this open source project and served as the chief architect and project coordinator of the Linux kernel. He is one of the most famous programmers and hackers in the world today. He is the initiator and main developer of the open source project Git.

Lin Rong (March 27, 1903 - May 28, 1981), a native of Danyang, Jiangxi, was a Chinese botanist and researcher at the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. One of the pioneers of mycology research in China. More than 100 new taxa of the Asteraceae genus and various plants were discovered. Made significant contributions to the classification of Asteraceae plants and flora in China. In 1928, he received a doctorate in science from the University of Paris, France. In 1955, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (member of the academic department).

Charles Babbage, FRS (English: Charles Babbage, December 26, 1791 - October 18, 1871), was a British mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer. He is regarded as a computer pioneer because he proposed the design concepts of the differential engine and the analytical engine (and partially implemented the machines). From 1828 to 1839, Babbage served as Lucasian Professor at Cambridge University. In addition to mathematics and computers, Babbage was also one of the important economists of his time. He also participated in some political activities, but was rather unsuccessful in this regard.

Charles L. Sawyers (English: Charles L. Sawyers, born January 26, 1959), is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and a medical scientist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. His experimental work focuses on developing a new generation of treatments based on the success of molecularly targeted drugs for cancer.

Charles Robert Darwin FRS FRGS FLS FZS, English naturalist, geologist, and biologist best known for his work on evolution by natural selection (explanation of the origin of species), explaining adaptation and stating that he believed that all species evolved from a few common ancestors. By the 1930s, Darwin's theory became the main explanation of evolutionary mechanisms and the basis of modern evolutionary thought. It provides a scientifically consistent and reasonable explanation of biological diversity and is the cornerstone of today's biology.

Charles A. Dinarello (English: Charles A. Dinarello, born April 22, 1943), American medical scientist and professor of medicine at the University of Colorado at Denver. His research focuses on inflammatory cytokines, especially the interleukin-1 family. Dinarello received his MD degree from Yale University in 1969 and has been a professor of medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine since 1996. He is considered one of the pioneers in the purification and replication of the cytokine interleukin-1. Won the Tang Prize for Biotechnology and Medicine in 2020.

Chadwick A. "Chad" Trujillo (English: Chadwick A. "Chad" Trujillo (born November 22, 1973) is an American astronomer who is engaged in research on the Kuiper Belt and the outer solar system. He currently works at Northern Arizona University in Arizona. Trujillo received a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from MIT in 1995 and is a member of the Xi branch of the TEP organization. In 2000, he obtained a PhD in astronomy from the University of Hawaii and was a doctoral research scholar at the California Institute of Technology from 2000 to 2003. From 2013 to 2016, he worked at the Gemini North Observatory in Hawaii. Currently teaches at Northern Arizona University. Trujillo discovered a number of trans-Neptunian objects, including: Asteroid 50000 Quaol (co-discovered with Brown) Asteroid 90377 "Sedna" (discovered with Brown and Rabinowitz) may be the first known inner Oort cloud object. Asteroid 90482 (discovered with Brown and Rabinowitz) Eris (discovered with Brown and Rabinowitz): A trans-Neptunian object larger than Pluto.

Curtis Judson Humphreys (English: Curtis Judson Humphreys, February 17, 1898 - November 22, 1986), American physicist, was born in Alliance, Ohio, United States. In the 1940s, he served in the radiological detection department of the U.S. Navy. In 1953, the Humphry series of hydrogen atomic spectra was discovered.

Liu Ganggang (February 8, 1904 - September 14, 1991), courtesy name Jiru, male, was born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. He was a Chinese inorganic chemist and physical chemist, a pioneer in molecular spectroscopy research in China, the founder of Salt Lake Chemistry, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Gertrude B. Elion (English: Gertrude Belle Elion, January 23, 1918 - February 21, 1999) was an American female biochemist and pharmacologist. In 1988, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with George H. Hitchens and James W. Braque, for their innovative approach to rational drug design in drug development. This new approach focuses on understanding the target of action of the drug, rather than relying solely on trial and error. Elion developed many new drugs, and the use of this new research method led to the development of zidovudine, a drug that later treated AIDS.

Gerty Theresa Cori (maiden name Radnitz, August 15, 1896 - October 26, 1957) was an American biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947 for their discovery of enzymatic reactions in sugar metabolism. Corey was born in Prague (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today part of the Czech Republic). In 2004, the Coreys were awarded a National Milestone in the History of Chemistry to commemorate their important discovery.

Liang Dongcai (May 29, 1932 - January 18, 2026), male, from Guangzhou, Guangdong, was a Chinese molecular biophysicist and a researcher at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The second and fourth president of the National Biophysical Society. Part-time professor at the University of Science and Technology of China and part-time professor at South China Normal University. Died on January 18, 2026.

Euclid (Ancient Greek: Εὐκλείδης, also translated as Uguleth, 325 BC - 265 BC), is sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclid of Megara. The mathematician of the Hellenistic era is known as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the time of Ptolemy I and was a member of the School of Alexandria. He proposed five postulates in his book "Elements of Geometry", which became the basis of European mathematics. Euclid also wrote several works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, and number theory. Euclidean geometry is widely considered a classic in mathematics.

Wu Zhongbi (March 19, 1919 - November 8, 2007), male, was born in Dingyuan, Anhui Province. He was a Chinese pathologist, medical educator, social activist, and an academician of the German Academy of Sciences. During his lifetime, he promoted medical exchanges between China and Germany. He was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany twice, and was known as one of the Tongji Men of Tongji along with Qiu Fazu.

Mao Jiangsen (January 15, 1934 - May 18, 2023), a native of Jiangshan, Zhejiang, was a Chinese virologist, researcher and president of the Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences. Graduated from the Department of Medicine, Shanghai First Medical College in 1956. In 1991, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (member of the academic department).

Yukawa Hideki (Japanese: Yukawa Hideki/Yukawa Hideki, Romanized: Yukawa Hideki, January 23, 1907 - September 8, 1981), ForMemRS, Japanese theoretical physicist, Doctor of Science. He has served as honorary professor at Kyoto University and Osaka University. Honorary citizen of Kyoto City. He was awarded the first-class Rising Sun Medal with the Grand Ribbon and the Cultural Medal, and was awarded posthumously to two concubines. Yukawa studied the strong interaction that binds protons and neutrons inside the nucleus, and in 1935 he speculated that there should be mesons between them. In 1947, British physicist Cecil Powell discovered pions from cosmic rays, which also proved Yukawa's theory. Therefore, Yukawa became the first Japanese Nobel Prize winner in 1949.

Wang Zhonghao (September 1937-November 3, 2023) was a native of Xiaoshan, Zhejiang. Vascular Surgery Scientist of the People's Republic of China. Professor and chief physician of Capital Medical University.

Wang Jingxiu (May 21, 1944 -), male, born in Fushun, Liaoning Province, is a Chinese solar physicist, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Wang Geng (October 1927-May 8, 2024) was born in Xiuning, Anhui. Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering of Jiaotong University in 1949. In 1991, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (faculty member), and the department in charge is the Technology Department. He is also currently a senior engineer at Shanghai Electric Machinery Factory.

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (German: Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, April 25, 1900 - December 15, 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum mechanics research. In 1945, on Einstein's nomination, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the Pauli Exclusion Principle. The Pauli Exclusion Principle involves spin theory and is the basis for understanding the structure of matter and even chemistry.

Walter Andrew Shewhart (English: Walter Andrew Shewhart, March 18, 1891 - March 11, 1967), also translated as Walter, was an American physicist, engineer, and statistician. He is sometimes called the father of statistical quality control and is associated with the Shewhart cycle. He designed the control chart.