Scientists

Christopher Gale Langton (born 1948 or 1949) is an American biologist and one of the pioneers in the field of bionics. He invented the term simulation in the 1980s, proposed Langton's ant (an example of a cellular automaton) in 1986, and organized the first "International Conference on Synthetic Simulation of Living Systems" at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1987.

Hideji Yagi (January 28, 1886 - January 19, 1976) was a Japanese educator, physicist, and inventor.

Guan Qiao (July 2, 1935 - December 26, 2022), a native of Taiyuan, Shanxi, was a welding expert in aviation manufacturing engineering and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Feng Lanzhou (June 24, 1903 - January 24, 1972), whose English name is Feng Lan-chou, was a native of Linqu, Shandong Province and a Chinese entomologist. He graduated from the Medical Department of Qilu University in Jinan, Shandong Province in 1929, and received a doctorate in medicine from the University of Toronto in Canada. Professor and director of the Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The main mosquito vectors of malaria and filariasis in China were identified. In 1957, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (member of the academic department).

Feng Dengguo (May 1965-), male, is a Chinese information security expert, president of the Beijing Institute of Information Science and Technology, visiting researcher at the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Kevin David Mitnick (English: Kevin David Mitnick, August 6, 1963 - July 16, 2023) was an American computer security consultant, author, and hacker. Some commentators called him "the world's number one hacker."

Katharine Way (English: Katharine Way, February 20, 1902 - December 9, 1995), an American physicist, focused on the research of nuclear technology and related data during her lifetime. During World War II, she participated in the Manhattan Project and worked at the Metallurgical Laboratory, the predecessor of Argonne National Laboratory. After the war, Katherine Way joined the National Institute of Standards and Technology and founded the Nuclear Data Project, specializing in the compilation and sharing of nuclear data. In 1968, she left the program to join Duke University as an adjunct professor.

Kathleen Coleman Goble Johnson, whose real name is Cleola Catherine Gowan, was born in White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia, United States. She is a mathematician and physicist. The success of the United States' first and subsequent manned space flights was largely due to its computational data in the field of aerospace dynamics. Catherine Johnson has worked for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), for 35 years. She is good at performing a large number of complex manual calculations with the assistance of digital computer programming. She is considered one of the first African-American female scientists to work at NASA.

Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian: Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у, Romanized: Lev Davidovich Landau, January 22, 1908 - April 1, 1968) was a Soviet physicist, the founder of condensed matter physics, and one of the leaders of Soviet science. He was also good at many branches of theoretical physics and made major contributions in many fields of theoretical physics. He won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his pioneering theories about condensed matter, especially liquid helium." He opposed the dictatorship of the Soviet Communist Party and was imprisoned for counterrevolutionary crimes. In 1962, Landau, who was still active at the forefront of research, was involved in a serious car accident. His ability to work was impaired and his physical condition deteriorated significantly. He died six years later. Many years after Landau's death, Alexey Abrikosov and Vitaly Ginzburg also won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003 for the theories of superconductors and superfluids they jointly established with Landau in their early years.

Liu Yunyi, SBS (June 22, 1947 - February 7, 2024), was a Hong Kong hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeon. Born in Hong Kong, originally from Nanhai, Guangdong. He graduated from the School of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong in 1972 and received his doctorate in medicine from the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1995. He once served as professor of the Department of Surgery of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, dean of Harmony College, and chairman of the International Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Association. In 2003, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as the Chairman of the Medical Council of Hong Kong from March 2012 to January 2024. On the evening of February 7, 2024, Harmony College published an obituary on social media. Liu Yunyi passed away on the same day surrounded by his family; after the news was released, the Medical Council, President Tuan Chongzhi of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Director of the Medical and Health Bureau Lu Chongmao issued eulogies.

Liu Xingzhou (March 17, 1933 - November 6, 2011), a native of Tianjin, was a ramjet engine expert and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Liu Bing (October 20, 1982 - May 2, 2020) is a Chinese scientist and coronavirus researcher in the United States. He lives and researches in the United States, but his nationality is in China. He is a research assistant professor in the Department of Computational and Systems Biology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. He was shot and killed at home at the age of 37. The case received media coverage in the United States and China.

Liu Chongle (September 20, 1901 - January 6, 1969), courtesy name Juemin, male, originally from Fuzhou, Fujian, was born in Shanghai, a Chinese entomologist, researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president of the Yunnan Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Kunming Institute of Zoology. One of the founders of Chinese entomology and the founder of Chinese resource entomology. He has long been engaged in biology teaching, biological control, resource entomology and insect literature research.

Liu Sizhi (March 15, 1904 - August 18, 1983), male, was born in Xianyou, Fujian Province, a Chinese biochemist and a professor at Beijing Medical College.

Liu Xinyuan (yuán) (November 7, 1927 -) is a Chinese molecular biologist.

Liu Jun (November 17, 1929 - January 21, 2015), male, from Wugang, Hunan, was a Chinese fish physiologist, fish reproduction and breeding expert, and a member of the Sixth, Seventh and Eighth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He once served as Vice President of Hunan Normal University and former Vice Chairman of Hunan Association for Science and Technology. He has long been engaged in research on the reproductive physiology and artificial reproduction and breeding of fish and aquatic economic crops. He has won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, the third prize of the National Invention Award, and the first Hunan Province Science and Technology Outstanding Contribution Award.

Liu Ruozhuang (May 25, 1925 - October 8, 2020), male, Beijing native, Chinese physical chemist, professor at the School of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Liu Gaolian (July 5, 1932 - March 8, 2008), a native of Fengxin, Jiangxi Province, China, was an engineering thermophysicist, fluid dynamicist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and professor of Shanghai University and Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. Liu Gaolian graduated from the turbine graduate class of Harbin Institute of Technology in 1957. He later focused on turbine aerodynamic theory and fluid mechanics, and served as a professor at the Institute of Mechanics of Shanghai University. He won the second prize of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 1987 and was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999.

Leo Rainwater (English: Leo Rainwater, December 9, 1917 - May 31, 1986) was an American physicist. In 1975, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Auger Bohr and Ben Mortensen for discovering the connection between collective motion and particle motion in the atomic nucleus, and developing a theory about the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection.

Liu Jingnan (July 1943-), male, Han nationality, native of Changsha, Hunan, born in Chongqing, is an expert in China’s geodesy and satellite positioning system (GPS), an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and former president of Wuhan University and Duke Kunshan University.

Li Jianshu (November 8, 1959 -), chair professor of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, originally from Xiaoshan.

René Descartes (French: René Descartes, pronounced: [ʁəne dekaʁt]; March 31, 1596 – February 11, 1650), French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. He spent most of his career in the Netherlands, serving in the Dutch Army. One of the most famous intellectuals of the Dutch Golden Age, Descartes is also widely regarded as one of the founders of modern philosophy and analytic geometry. Many elements of Cartesian philosophy have precedents in the late Aristotelian school, the 16th-century revival of Stoicism, or early philosophers such as Augustine. In his natural philosophy, it differed from scholasticism in two main points: first, he refused to break down tangible entities into matter and form; second, in explaining natural phenomena, he rejected any appeal to divine or natural ultimate ends. In his theology, he insisted on the absolute freedom of God's creative act. Descartes refused to accept the authority of previous philosophers, often distinguishing his views from those of those who had preceded him. In the opening paragraph of his early modern treatise on the emotions, Les Passions de l'âme (French: Les Passions de l'âme), Descartes even asserted that he would write on the subject "as if no one had written on these matters before". His most famous philosophical statement is "I think, therefore I am" (Latin: Cogito, ergo sum), found in Discourse on Method and Principia Philosophiae (a similar concept was proposed by Gómez Pereira around 1554). Descartes is often considered an important precursor to modern philosophy, and he is largely credited with stimulating the growing interest in epistemology in the 17th century. He laid the foundations for 17th-century Continental rationalism, later advocated by the likes of Spinoza and Leibniz, but opposed by the empiricist school, composed of the teachings of Hobbes, Locke, George Berkeley and Hume. The rise of early modern rationalism in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic—as a highly systematized philosophical school in its own right for the first time in history—had an enormous and far-reaching impact on modern Western thought as a whole. Two influential rationalist philosophical systems were those of Descartes (who wrote all of his major works during most of his adult life in the United Provinces of the Netherlands) and Spinoza—Cartesianism and Spinozaism.

Bao Weimin (March 1960-) was originally from Zhenhai County, Zhejiang Province, and was born in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. Guidance and control expert, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the Science and Technology Committee of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

Nambu Yoichiro (Japanese: South yoichiro/Nanbu Yoichiro, Romanized: Nambu Yōichirō (January 18, 1921 - July 5, 2015), a Japanese-American citizen born in Tokyo, Japan, is a world-renowned particle physicist. Before his death, he was an emeritus professor of the Department of Physics and the Fermi Institute of the University of Chicago, a special honorary professor of Osaka University, an emeritus professor of Osaka City University, and an academic advisor to Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University. Yoichiro Nanbu is one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century and one of the founders of string theory. He is universally known as the "prophet of physics." He has carried out many pioneering studies in the field of particle physics since the 1960s, including discovering the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism in subatomic physics and proposing the Southern-Jonah-Racinho model. In addition, he also proposed the color charge specification of quantum chromodynamics and provided important suggestions for Peter Higgs in discovering the Higgs mechanism. For more than half a century, Southern has received nearly all of physics' highest honors, including the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics.