Scholars

Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher, and his follower Plato and Plato's student Aristotle are collectively known as the Three Sages of Greece. He is considered the founder of Western philosophy. He left no writings, and his thoughts and life were recorded in the plays of later scholars (mainly his student Plato) and the contemporary playwright Aristophanes. Socrates' contribution to the field of ethics is recorded in Plato's book "Dialogues".

Su Xuelin (February 24, 1897 - April 21, 1999), whose real name was Su Xiaomei. In the autumn of 1919, she omitted the word "Small" and changed her name to Su Mei; His sister Su Ailan (also known as Su Lan) is the wife of painter Fang Ganmin. She successively taught at Soochow University, Hujiang University, Anhui University (now Anhui Normal University), and National Wuhan University. When she taught at Wuhan University, she, together with Ling Shuhua and Yuan Changying, were known as the Three Outstanding Women of Luojia. After 1949, he moved to Taiwan to become a professor at National Cheng Kung University and lived in the professor's dormitory of National Cheng Kung University for many years. He was awarded the honorary professor of National Cheng Kung University, the Sun Yat-sen Literary Award, and the National Literary Award. In 1999, he died at the age of 102 in Tainan National Cheng Kung University Hospital.

Fan Ye (July 1977-), male, Han nationality, translator of the People's Republic of China, PhD in Spanish language and literature. Currently, he is an associate professor in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at Peking University and a postgraduate tutor. He is the translator of the official Chinese version of "One Hundred Years of Solitude" (New Classic Culture Publishing, May 2011) authorized by Marquez in mainland China.

Xunzi (about 316 B.C. - about 237 B.C. to 235 B.C.), also known as Xun Qing, also known as Sun Qing, was a Confucian scholar and thinker during the Warring States Period in China. He was a native of Zhao State and served as the Jixia Academy of Qi State. , Lanling Order of Chu State, went to Zhao State and Qin State to lobby the princes, promoted Confucianism and taught the Six Classics, criticized other Confucianists such as Zisi, Mencius, and other schools of thought such as Mohism and Taoism. He had disciples such as Han Fei and Li Si, and his works were later compiled into the book "Xunzi". As a representative figure of Confucianism in the pre-Qin Dynasty, he is collectively known as Confucius, Mencius and Xun together with Confucius and Mencius.

Philippe Mario Aghion (French: Philippe Mario Aghion, born August 17, 1956) is a French economist, professor at the Collège de France and INSEAD. His main research areas are economic growth and contract theory. He and Peter Howitt proposed the concept of "Schumpeter Paradigm", which they discussed in detail in their joint book "Endogenous Growth Theory". In 2025, he and Howitt jointly won the Nobel Prize in Economics for "the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction."

Philippa Ruth Foot (English: Philippa Ruth Foot, October 3, 1920 – October 3, 2010), maiden name Bosanquet, was a British philosopher who developed a naturalistic moral philosophy in the context of the dominance of non-naturalistic analytic philosophy after World War II.

Jiang Xiangqian (1955-), professor at the School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. He is a distinguished professor of the second batch of "Changjiang Scholars" of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China and was elected as an academician of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2012. He has undertaken a number of key academic research projects, is a member of many societies in China and abroad, including the International Society for Production Engineering, published hundreds of papers, and won multiple awards. In 1995, he received a doctorate from the School of Mechanical Science and Engineering of the former Huazhong University of Science and Technology (now Huazhong University of Science and Technology), and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at City University of London, UK.

Jiang Tianshu (1903-1988), courtesy name Bingnan, was a native of Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province, a Chinese literary historian, a professor at Fudan University and a veteran of the Chinese Department.

Jiang Haokang (March 1935 - October 15, 2019), male, was born in Wujin, Jiangsu. Professor at the School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University. The research area is turbomachinery pneumatics.

Kazuki Fujitaka (born 1986) is a Japanese philosopher, feminist and queer theory scholar, and currently an associate professor at the Faculty of Culture, Kyoto Sangyo University. His areas of expertise are modern thought, feminism, queer theory and transgender studies.

Yuan Tung-li (Yuan, Tung-li, March 23, 1895 - February 6, 1965), also known as Shouhe. A native of Guzhuangying Village, Xushui County, Hebei Province, China, he was born in Beijing. He is a Chinese-American librarian and bibliographer, and is considered a pioneer of modern librarianship in China. He has been in charge of the National Peking Library for more than 20 years.

Yuan Xitao (October 11, 1866 - August 29, 1930), named Guanlan, male, was born in Chengxiang, Baoshan, Jiangsu (now part of Shanghai), and his ancestral home is Ningbo, Zhejiang. An educator in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

Yuan Tengfei (February 8, 1972 -), born in the People's Republic of China, is a Chinese video creator, historical science writer, and former middle school history teacher in Beijing. Graduated from the History Department of Capital Normal University in 1994. He served as a history teacher at the High School Affiliated to Capital Normal University for thirteen years, and was a senior teacher and history teaching researcher at the Haidian District Teacher Training School in Beijing. He once participated in the compilation of Beijing college entrance examination questions and the "History Textbook of New High School Curriculum Standards" (People's Education Press). In the second half of 2008, he appeared on the "Hundred Lectures" series of the Science and Education Channel of China Central Television to give a lecture on "The Storm of the Two Song Dynasties", which was broadcast from July to August 2009. After that, the program also broadcast the "Three Dynasties of Liao Dynasty in the Northern Saipei" by him. In June 2009, a clip of Yuan Tengfei's lecture at Jinghua School was uploaded to Youku.com, and was highly praised by some netizens. He was once called "the best history teacher in history" by the public. However, he was also strongly opposed by many netizens. Some netizens even went to Jinghua School to debate Yuan Tengfei, but the school did not agree. Later, he resigned from his teaching position and initially worked as an anchor on an online platform. Later, he was mainly active on the YouTube platform, producing historical science videos and occasionally live broadcasting. He was a member of Lifeano.

Sigmund Freud (German: Sigmund Freud, birth name: Sigismund Schlomo Freud; May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939) was an Austrian psychologist, founder of psychoanalysis, philosopher, sexologist, and one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. Psychoanalysis is a clinical approach to the assessment and treatment of pathologies arising from psychological conflicts, conducted through a dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, a discipline that encompasses the unique theory of mind and human agency derived from it. He was born into a Jewish family in the Austrian Empire (now the Czech Republic). In 1881, he received a doctorate in medicine from the University of Vienna. After completing his charter in 1885, he was appointed Chair Professor of Neuropathology and became Associate Professor in 1902. That is to say, ever since graduation he worked in Vienna, where he began his clinical practice in 1886. After Germany annexed Austria in 1938, Freud moved to London, England to escape the Nazis. Died in England in 1939. When Freud founded psychoanalysis, he developed therapeutic techniques such as "free association" and discovered the concept of transference and established its central role in the analytic process. Freud's inclusion of infantile forms of sexual desire led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as a central tenet of psychoanalytic theory. His interpretation of dreams as wish fulfillment provided him with a clinical model of the underlying mechanisms of symptom formation and repression. On this basis, Freud elaborated on his theory of the subconscious and continued to develop a model of the psychological structure consisting of the id, ego and superego. Freud postulated the existence of "libido" (sexual drive), which is sexual energy invested in psychological processes and structures and creates erotic attachments; and the death drive, which is the source of repetition compulsions, hatred, aggression, and neurotic guilt. In later works, Freud carried out extensive interpretations and criticisms of religion and culture. His works such as "The Interpretation of Dreams", "Three Essays on Sexuality", "Totems and Taboos", etc., proposed concepts such as the subconscious, id, ego and superego, Oedipus complex, sexual impulses, psychological defense mechanisms, etc., and is known as the "Father of Psychoanalysis". Psychoanalysis is currently in decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice overall, but it remains influential in psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, and the humanities as a whole.

Xu Zhuo (zhuō) Yun (September 3, 1930 - August 3, 2025), historian, native of Wuxi, Jiangsu, was born in Siming, Fujian. He moved to Taiwan in 1949. He taught at the Institute of History and Linguistics, Academia Sinica and the Department of History, National Taiwan University. In 1980, he was elected as an academician of Academia Sinica. He immigrated to the United States in 1970 and taught in the Department of History at the University of Pittsburgh, where he served as emeritus chair professor. Later naturalized as a U.S. citizen.

David Hui Shu-cheong, BBS, JP (English: David Hui Shu-cheong, 1961-), is a Hong Kong infectious disease scholar and currently the chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

James Alan Robinson (English: James Alan Robinson, born February 27, 1960), is a British economic and political scientist, Professor of Global Conflict Studies at the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago, and Director of the Pearson Institute for Global Conflict Research and Resolution at the Harris School. From 2004 to 2015, he served as professor at the University of Chicago, Harvard University, University of California, Berkeley, University of Southern California, and University of Melbourne. Robinson examines the causes of differences between countries by focusing on the underlying economic and political institutions that cause some countries to prosper and others to conflict. He is the co-author with Daron Ademoglu of "The Narrow Corridor of Freedom", "Why States Fail", "Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy" and other books. In 2024, Robinson, Daron Adjemooglu and Simon Johnson won the Nobel Prize in Economics for their comparative study of the prosperity of different countries.

James McGill Buchanan, Jr. (English: James McGill Buchanan, Jr., October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013), economist, famous for his research on public choice theory, for which he won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics.

James Dreier (born 1960) is an American philosopher who is currently the Judy C. LeWinter and Mark L. Shapiro Professor of Philosophy at Brown University. He is best known for his work in the field of moral philosophy, including topics such as metaethics.

Jean Poliatschek (French: Jean Poliatschek, January 14, 1914 - February 27, 1993) was born in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Occitanie, France. He was a rabbi and Jewish theologian.

Jean André Wahl (French: Jean André Wahl, French: [val], May 25, 1888 – June 19, 1974), French philosopher.

Jean William Fritz Piaget (French: Jean William Fritz Piaget, August 9, 1896 - September 16, 1980) was a Swiss psychologist, educator, and philosopher who is famous for proposing the theory of cognitive development. Piaget received training in biology in his early years. He had already become interested in psychology while studying in college, and had dabbled in various schools of early development of psychology, such as pathological psychology, psychoanalysis, Jung's subconscious psychology and Freud's theory. Piaget was a professor of psychology at the University of Geneva from 1929 to 1975.

Betty Friedan (English: Betty Friedan, February 4, 1921 - February 4, 2006), formerly known as Betty Naomi Goldstein (English: Bettye Naomi Goldstein), was an American feminist activist, writer, and editor. She played an important role in the 20th century feminist movement and is known as the "mother of the modern women's liberation movement." Her masterpiece "The Feminine Mystique" questioned women's traditional role in the family, advocated liberal feminism, and set off the second wave of feminist movement. In addition, she was the founder of the National Institute of Women, the National Women's Political Caucus, and the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws, and launched the National Women's Strike in 1970. After the 1980s, Betty Friedan's views turned moderate. In her book "The Second Phase," she criticized the radical behavior of some feminists and advocated seeking "equality in difference."

Fernand Braudel (French: Fernand Braudel, French pronunciation: [fɛʁnɑə bʁodɛl], August 24, 1902 - November 27, 1985) was a famous historian of the second generation of the French Annals School.