Scholars

Elizabeth of the Palatinate (26 December 1618 – 11 February 1680), also known as Elizabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elizabeth of the Palatinate, Princess and Abbess of Helford Abbey, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector of the Palatinate, and Elizabeth Stuart (her father was James VI and I). Elizabeth of the Palatinate was a philosopher, best known for her association with René Descartes. She criticized Descartes's dualistic metaphysics; at the same time, her work anticipated the metaphysical issues of later philosophers.

Benjamin Graham (English: Benjamin Graham, May 8, 1894 - September 21, 1976) graduated from Columbia University in the United States. is an American investor, economist and professor born in England. Known as the "Father of Value Investing". Benjamin Graham's investment philosophy places great emphasis on investors' personal psychology and debt situations, and emphasizes that investors must buy within a safe environment. The famous American investor Warren Buffett explained in the documentary "Becoming Warren Buffett" that one of the reasons why he enrolled in Columbia University was because Benjamin Graham was a professor at Columbia University, so he applied to attend Columbia University.

Julian Lincoln Simon (English: Julian Lincoln Simon, February 12, 1932 - February 8, 1998) was an American economist who taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of Maryland, College Park. His major works include The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics.

Zhu Xi (xī) (October 18, 1130 - April 23, 1200), whose courtesy name was Yuanhui and whose first name was Zhonghui, was named Hui'an and Kaoting. He was later called Huiweng. He was also known as Mr. Ziyang, Master Ziyang, Cangzhou sick old man, and Yungu old man. Ji Yan, posthumous title, also known as Zhu Wengong, was born in Wuyuan County, Huizhou, Jiangnan East Road (now Wuyuan County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province), and in Youxi County, Jianzhou, South Road, Fujian Province (now Youxi County, Sanming City, Fujian Province). He was a Neo-Confucian of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was the master of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, and scholars respectfully called him Zhu Zi. Zhu Xi came from a poor family but was smart since he was a child. He was a Jinshi in the 18th year of Shaoxing (1148) when he was only 19 years old. He lived in the four dynasties of Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong. In Yungu, Jianyang, the thatched cottage was named "Hui'an", where he taught lectures. Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty gave it the name "Kaoting Academy", which is now known as the "Kaoting School". Since Zhu Xi was also nicknamed "Ziyang", it is now known as the "Ziyang School". Zhu Xi was a student of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi's third disciple Li Tong. He inherited the theories of Zhou Dunyi and Er Cheng in the Northern Song Dynasty, established the style of studying philosophy in the Song Dynasty, and formed Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism. He wrote many books, and compiled "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius" into four books as textbooks, which also became subjects for future generations' imperial examinations. In mainland China, some experts believe that he established a complete system of objective idealism.

Judith Butler is an American poststructuralist scholar whose research fields include feminist phenomenology, queer theory, political philosophy and ethics. In 1993, he began teaching in the Department of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley, and in 1998 he became the Maxine Eliot Chair Professor of Comparative Literature and Critical Theory. Butler is also the Hannah Olam Chair in Higher Education in Europe.

Li Honglin (September 10, 1925 - June 1, 2016), a native of Gaiping, Liaoning, was the former deputy director of the Theory Bureau of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the former president of the Fujian Academy of Social Sciences. He was a well-known reformist theorist in mainland China, known for his sharp thinking and clear writing. After the reform and opening up, he advocated ideological emancipation and opposed personality worship. In 1979, he put forward the views that "there is no restricted area for reading" and "it is not the people who should be loyal to the leader, but the leader should be loyal to the people." He played an important role in the reform and opening up in the 1980s and was hailed as "the standard bearer of China's new enlightenment movement" and "theoretical standard bearer of China's liberalization movement."

Geoffrey Everest Hinton, FRS (English: Geoffrey Everest Hinton, December 6, 1947 -), also translated as Geoffrey Hinton, is a British-born Canadian computer scientist and psychologist, and a professor at the University of Toronto. Known for his contributions to neural networks. Hinton is one of the inventors of the backpropagation algorithm and the contrastive divergence algorithm (Contrastive Divergence). He is also an active promoter of deep learning and is known as the "Godfather of Deep Learning." Hinton won the 2018 Turing Award together with Joshua Bengio and Yang Likun for their contributions to deep learning. In 2024, Hinton and John Hopfield will jointly win the Nobel Prize in Physics.

LIM, John Chuan-tiong, is a Taiwanese international politics scholar who was awarded a doctorate in law from the University of Tokyo School of Law in Japan in 2002. He has successively served as an associate researcher at the Institute of Modern History at Academia Sinica, an assistant researcher at the Fairbank Center for East Asian Studies at Harvard University, an associate professor at the Department of International Relations at the University of the Ryukyus, an adjunct lecturer at the Institute of Oriental Culture at the University of Tokyo, a Fulbright scholar at Harvard University, a visiting professor at the Department of History at Peking University and the Institute for Advanced Study in Humanities and Social Sciences at National Taiwan University, an adjunct associate professor at National Taiwan University, an executive member of the Center for Japanese Studies at National Taiwan University, a researcher at the Center for Comprehensive Japanese Studies at National Taiwan University, and a professor and executive director of the Center for Japanese Studies at Wuhan University. After the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia in 2020, he successively taught at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and was the chief writer of the "Bi Zhen" of "Ming Pao". In 2024, his family moved back to Tokyo and became a distinguished researcher at the Institute of Oriental Culture at the University of Tokyo.

Lin Yutang (October 10, 1895 - March 26, 1976), a writer and scholar in the Republic of China, was born in Longxi, Fujian (now Banzai Town, Pinghe County). Her name was Hele, Yutang, and later changed to Yutang. He holds a bachelor's degree in English from St. John's University, a master's degree in comparative literature from Harvard University, and a doctorate in linguistics from the University of Leipzig in Germany. He once served as professor of the English Department of Peking University, dean of the School of Liberal Arts of Xiamen University, and the first president of Nanyang University. Finally settling in Hong Kong, he served as a research professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, director of Fine Arts and Literature at UNESCO, and vice president of PEN International. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature six times between 1940 and 1973.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a 19th-century German philosopher and one of the representatives of German idealism.

Mei Guangdi (January 2, 1890 - December 27, 1945), also known as Dickson, was a modern Chinese scholar and writer. Born in Wanling Zhangwuwang of the Mei family in Xuancheng, he is a representative of the Xueheng School and one of the founders of the "Xueheng" magazine. He is the first Chinese doctoral student in literature to study in the United States. He studied under the sinologist James Babbitt. He served as an assistant professor of Chinese at Harvard University and later became the dean of the School of Liberal Arts and director of the Department of Foreign Languages ​​and Literature at National Zhejiang University. He was both friends and enemies with Hu Shi, a modern scholar and representative figure of the New Culture Movement, and they had long-term debates with each other.

Mei Hong (May 1963 -), male, originally from Chongqing, was born in Yuqing, Guizhou. He is a Chinese computer software expert and a professor at Peking University. He is currently the director of the Key Laboratory of High-Reliability Software Technology of the Ministry of Education (Peking University). He once served as Vice President of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Vice President and Executive Vice President of Beijing Institute of Technology, and Vice President of the Academy of Military Sciences. He is currently the Chairman of the Computer Federation of China (2020-2024).

Yang Wangsun (?—?), a figure in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, advocated naked burial. Wangsun's courtesy name is famous, and he is from Jingzhao. Yang Wangsun studied the skills of Huang Lao. His family had a lot of money and he was good at self-care. When he was sick and about to die, he told his son that after his death, there would be no coffin. Instead, he would put his body in a cloth bag and bury it seven feet underground. Then he would take the bag out from under his feet and let the body be completely submerged in the soil. The son wanted not to listen, but he could not bear to obey his father's orders, so he told Yang Wangsun's friend Qihou. Qihou wrote to Yang Wangsun, saying that if the deceased knew about it, he would see his ancestors naked, which he felt was inappropriate. Yang Wangsun said that modern rituals and rich burials were too generous, and that he was buried naked to correct the world's customs. Rich burials with belongings rotting in the ground, and tomb robbers leaving corpses exposed in the wild. Qi Hou was convinced that Yang Wangsun was indeed buried naked after his death.

Tsering Thondup (Standard Tibetan: ཚེ་རིང་དོན་གྲུབ, October 1961—), a Mongolian Tibetan writer. Born in 1961 in Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, Qinghai Province. 7. From the age of 8 to 13, they graze at home, and from the age of 13 to 21, they go to school and learn Tibetan and Chinese. He graduated from Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Normal School for Nationalities in 1982 and began publishing works in the same year. He once served as deputy mayor of Tuoyema Township in Henan County, director of the Local Chronicles Office of Henan County, and director of the Archives Bureau of Henan County. His writing style is deeply influenced by Western literature. Later, he was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party and government office for writing the novel "The Roaring Red Wind", which reflected the People's Liberation Army's armed suppression of Tibetans in 1958. He retained his salary and retired early in 2013. After retirement, he specialized in literary work.

Eugen Fink (December 11, 1905 - July 25, 1975) was a German philosopher.

Wu Yunfei (1938-), male, native of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, is a famous plateau biologist and ichthyologist in China. He is currently a professor at the Fisheries College of Ocean University of China. He has long been engaged in fish taxonomy, morphology and aquatic products research, and is especially famous for his research on fishes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. From 1961 to 1993, he worked in Qinghai and worked at the Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Duan Guangren (1962-), male, is a Chinese control theory expert, professor at Harbin Institute of Technology, Yangtze River Scholar Distinguished Professor of the Ministry of Education, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Hannah Arendt (German: Hannah Arendt, October 14, 1906 – December 4, 1975) was a political philosopher, writer, and Holocaust survivor. Her contributions influenced researchers of political theory in the 20th and 21st centuries. Her works cover a wide range of topics, but are best known for those that deal with the nature of power and evil, as well as politics, direct democracy, authority, and totalitarianism. In the popular mind, she is best remembered for the controversy surrounding the trial of Adolf Eichmann and her attempts to explain how ordinary people became actors in totalitarian systems, considered by some to be a defense, and the "banality of evil". She is commemorated by institutions and journals dedicated to her ideas, the Hannah Arendt Award for Political Thought, and on postage stamps, street names, and schools. She promotes the concept of “plurality” in political space. Therefore, there is potential political freedom and equality between people. The important thing is to put yourself in the other person’s shoes. Those who are willing and suitable should be involved in political agreements, political contracts and constitutions at the most concrete level possible. Because of this view, she criticizes pure representative democracy. Her research sources are not limited to philosophical, political and historical texts, but also biographical and literary works for analysis. The text is examined using her unique methodology of meticulous word-for-word analysis.

Thomas Piketty is a French economist who specializes in studying income and wealth inequality. He is Director of Teaching at the Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Sociales (EHESS) and Professor at the Paris School of Economics. He discussed his research on the concentration and distribution of wealth over the past 250 years in his 2013 bestseller Capital in the Twenty-First Century. He believes that since the return on capital in developed countries is always higher than the economic growth rate, this will lead to the gradual expansion of wealth inequality. So he proposed redistributing wealth through a global wealth tax to solve this problem.

Wen Shaoxian (December 4, 1934 - November 25, 2023) was born in Hong Kong and his ancestral home is Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province. He also has pen names such as Gang Feng, Nuan Nuan, Jiang Feng, Bai Lu, Ru Fan, etc. He graduated from the Department of Western Languages ​​and Literature of Sun Yat-sen University in his early years. Wen Shaoxian is a senior translator and Chinese and English editor. He has translated and reviewed more than 100 books. He is also a scholar who has long been engaged in English-Chinese language comparison and translation research, and has published many academic monographs. He is also a novelist and is good at writing political and economic historical novels. His representative works include the "Memories of Red" pentalogy and the three short story collections of the "Green Seal Man" series.

Edward Christian Prescott (English: Edward Christian Prescott, December 26, 1940 - November 6, 2022) was an American economist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2004, jointly with Finn Kydland, for "contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the driving force behind time inconsistency in economic policy and business cycles." This research was primarily conducted while both Keidland and Prescott were affiliated with Carnegie Mellon University's Graduate School of Industrial Administration (now the Tepper School of Business). He was the 19th most widely cited economist in the world in 2013, according to IDEAS/RePEc rankings.

Edward Glaeser (English: Edward Glaeser, born May 1, 1967) is an American economist.

Wang Dan (February 26, 1969 -), originally from Juancheng County, Shandong Province, was born in Beijing and is a social activist. During the Tiananmen Square Incident in 1989, he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Tiananmen Square Defense Headquarters. He was one of the 21 student movement leaders wanted by the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, ranking first. After the Tiananmen Square clearance, he was arrested and imprisoned twice by the government of the People's Republic of China. He has been in exile overseas since 1998, and later obtained a PhD in history and East Asian linguistics from Harvard University. He often lives in Taiwan, the United States and other places and is engaged in social activities. He has served as a visiting assistant professor at National Tsinghua University, National Cheng Kung University and other universities. He is currently the director of the "Dialogue with China" think tank in the United States and the director of the "June 4th Memorial Museum" in Los Angeles.

Wang Yuanhua (November 30, 1920 - May 9, 2008), male, was born in Shashi, Hubei Province. He was a modern Chinese thinker and literary theorist. He once served as a professor and doctoral supervisor at East China Normal University, a representative of the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Standing Committee of the 8th Shanghai Municipal People's Congress, and a member of the Standing Committee of the 7th Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Wang Yuanhua is considered one of the representatives of the "New Enlightenment Movement" in mainland China in the 1980s. He advocated regaining the enlightenment spirit of the "May Fourth Movement". In 1988, he presided over the establishment of the "New Enlightenment" magazine in Shanghai.