Writers

Ivo Andrić (Croatian: Ivo Andrić, October 9, 1892 - March 13, 1975) was a former Yugoslav Serb-Croatian writer and winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize for Literature.

François-Marie Arouet (French: François-Marie Arouet, November 21, 1694 - May 30, 1778), pen name Voltaire (pronounced: [vɔltɛːʁ]), was a French philosopher, writer and historian in the Age of Enlightenment. Known for his witticisms and criticism of Christianity (particularly the Catholic Church) and criticism of slavery, Voltaire advocated freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the separation of church and state. Voltaire was a versatile and prolific writer who wrote in almost every literary genre, including drama, poetry, novels, essays, histories, and even scientific treatises. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets. Voltaire was one of the first writers to achieve international fame and commercial success. Not only did Voltaire have outstanding achievements in philosophy, he was also known for his outspoken advocacy of civil liberties, especially freedom of belief and judicial justice. Despite the harsh censorship of Catholic France of his day, Voltaire openly supported social reform. His discourses were characterized by satire, often attacking the dogma of the Catholic Church and the French education system at that time. Along with Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, Voltaire's writings and ideas laid the foundation for future constitutional monarchy and republicanism, and also influenced major thinkers of the American Revolution and the French Revolution. His most famous masterpiece, "Candide, ou l'Optimisme", is a novella that comments, criticizes and ridicules many events, thinkers and philosophical systems of the same period, especially Gottfried Leibniz and his belief in "the best of all possible worlds".

Dante Alighieri (Italian: Dante Alighieri, 1265-September 14, 1321), commonly known as Dante, was an Italian medieval poet, writer and philosopher. He was the most representative writer in the history of Italian literature and a pioneering figure in the European Renaissance. His epic "Divine Comedy" left a name for future generations. He is known in Italy as the Supreme Poet (Italian: il Sommo Poeta) and is also considered the founder of modern Italian. Dante, Francesco Petrarch and Giovanni Boccaccio were pioneers in the literary world of the Renaissance and were known as the "Tre Corones" (Tre Corones).

He Jiping (1951-), female, from Guangxi, Chinese playwright, now lives in Hong Kong.

Yu Guangzhong (October 21, 1928 - December 14, 2017), a Taiwanese poet and writer, was born in Yangshang Village, Yongchun, Fujian. He was born in Nanjing and taught at many universities in Hong Kong and Taiwan. He once participated in the debate on modern poetry and the debate on local literature. His article "The Wolf Is Coming" published in the debate on local literature caused controversy.

Yu Hua (April 3, 1960 -), a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and his ancestral home is Gaotang, Shandong. He is a writer and doctor in the People's Republic of China and a representative of avant-garde novels. Yu Hua began publishing novels in 1983, and "Going Away at the Age of Eighteen" is his famous work. Representative works include "Brothers", "Xu Sanguan Sells Blood", "Alive", "Shouting in the Drizzle", etc. Among them, "Alive" and "Xu Sanguan Sells Blood" were both selected as the "Ten Most Influential Works of the 1990s" selected by hundreds of critics and literary editors. "Brothers" was selected by the Swiss "Times" as one of the 15 most important novels in the world from 2000 to 2010. His works have been translated into more than 20 languages ​​including English and published abroad. Other works include "Blood Plum Blossoms", "1986", "I'm as Cowardly as a Mouse", "April 3rd Incident", "The World Is Like Smoke", "Doom", "Mistake by the River", "Classical Love", "Tremble", etc. He has also written many essays, literary reviews and music reviews. Now he lives in Beijing and engages in professional writing.

Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse (German: Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse, March 15, 1830 - April 2, 1914), German novelist, poet, playwright, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize for Literature. Heise was born in Berlin, Germany. His father was the famous philologist Carl Wilhelm Ludwig Heise, and his mother came from a wealthy Jewish family. Heise was educated in Berlin and Bonn, where he studied classical languages. After that, he translated the works of some Italian poets, also began to write short stories, and published several novels, the most famous of which is the novel Kinder der Welt (1873). He was a member of the poet societies "Tunnel over the Spree" and "Krokodil". Heizer's works include books, poems, and about 60 plays. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1910 in recognition of "the artistic perfection he achieved in his long and prolific creative career, full of idealistic spirit." Most of the themes of the works are about love. The art emphasizes conception, delicate and fascinating writing, and adheres to the classical style of elegant order. Secondly, the themes of Heizer's dramas are mostly based on ancient legends or historical anecdotes, such as "King Solomon", "Alcibiades", "Mary Magdalene", and "The Last Days of Don Juan". His lyrical short poems are elegant and harmonious, praising the mountains and rivers, love and friendship with great affection.

Yu Pingbo (January 8, 1900 - October 15, 1990), whose original name was Yu Mingheng, whose nickname was Sengbao, and whose nickname was Pingbo, was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. He was a native of Deqing, Zhejiang Province. He was a modern Chinese poet, writer, and red scholar. The great-grandson of Yu Yue, a master of Pu Xue in the Qing Dynasty. After the 1950s, he and Zhao Jingshen were collectively known as "Southern Zhao and Beiyu" in the Kunqu opera community.

Clive Staples Lewis (English: November 29, 1898 - November 22, 1963), commonly known as C.S. Lewis or Lewis, and his friends and family nicknamed him Jack, was a British writer, poet and apologist. He is best known for his children's literature "The Chronicles of Narnia", as well as his theological essays, studies of medieval literature and many other works. Lewis was a good friend of J.R.R. Tolkien, another famous British writer, and they both taught at Oxford University.

Knut Hamsun (Norwegian: Knut Hamsun, August 4, 1859 - February 19, 1952), Norwegian writer, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize for Literature. His major works include "The Growth of the Earth", "The Mysterious Man", "Hunger" and "The Path in the Overgrown Grass". Hamsun is considered "one of the most influential and creative stylists of the past hundred years (1890-1990)." His stream of consciousness and interior monologue techniques influenced Thomas Mann, Franz Kafka, Maxim Gorky, Stefan Zweig, Henry Miller, Hermann Hesse and Ernest Hemingway. Furthermore, he believed in the philosophy of German philosopher Nietzsche. He published articles in major newspapers praising Hitler's aggressive behavior, and continued this behavior after Germany invaded Norway. In 1946, he was convicted of treason by the Norwegian Supreme Court and sentenced to house arrest. Died at home in 1952.

Nadine Gordimer (English: Nadine Gordimer, November 20, 1923 - July 13, 2014), a South African female writer, winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize for Literature, and the first female winner of the prize in Africa and South Africa. Gordimer passed away peacefully at his home in Johannesburg on July 13, 2014, at the age of 90.

Nelly Sachs (German: Nelly Sachs, December 10, 1891 - May 12, 1970) was a German-Jewish poet and playwright. In 1966, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature together with the Israeli writer Samuel Joseph Agnon. The judges believed that his outstanding lyrical and dramatic works interpreted the fate of the Israelis with touching power. Sachs was born in Berlin, Germany, and fled to Sweden in 1940 to escape the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany. Her works were all written in German. After the war, she published many poems related to the Holocaust of Jews by the Nazi Party in Europe.

Ran Yunfei (1965-), a writer of the People's Republic of China, was born in Youyang, Chongqing, to the Tujia ethnic group. He graduated from the Chinese Department of Sichuan University. He currently works for "Sichuan Literature" and has lived in Chengdu. He is one of the "100 Chinese Public Intellectuals in 2008" and a Christian of the Early Rain Covenant Church.

Bing Xin (October 5, 1900 - February 28, 1999), whose real name was Xie Wanying, was a native of Fuzhou, Fujian. She was a modern Chinese female poet, novelist, essayist, children's literature writer, translator and social activist. She is regarded as a pioneer of Chinese children's literature and new poetry. His works, together with those of Lu Xun, Ye Shengtao, Mao Dun and others, are regarded as the source of Mandarin grammar standards. Her pen name Bing Xin is taken from the sentence "A heart of ice is in a jade pot" in Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian at the Furong Tower".

Kertész Imre (Hungarian: Kertész Imre, pronounced: [ˈkɛrteːs ˈimrɛ]; November 9, 1929 - March 31, 2016), Hungarian writer, born in Budapest, Hungary, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize for Literature.

Kate Chopin (English: Kate Chopin, IPA: /ˈʃoʊpæn/, or American /ʃoʊˈpæn, ˈʃoʊpən/, February 8, 1851 - August 22, 1904), whose real name was Katherine O'Flaherty O'Flaherty, an American novelist whose works are mostly set in Louisiana Creoles. Now recognized as a pioneer of feminist writers in the 19th century. From 1869 to 1902, she wrote short stories for adults and children, which appeared in such magazines as The Atlantic Monthly, Vogue, Century, and Harper's Manual for Young Adults. His major works are two collections of short stories, "The Bayou People" (1894) and "Arcadia Nights" (1897). Important short stories include "Dazzle's Baby," which tells the story of interracial marriages in the Luzhou area before the Civil War. There are also "Story of an Hour" and "The Storm". Chopin also wrote two novels: "The Guilty" (1890) and "The Awakening" (1899), the latter set in New Orleans and the Grand Island. The characters in her novels are usually residents of Luzhou, and the setting of most of her works is related to Nachitexi in the north-central Luzhou. Literary critics at the time believed that Chopin always expressed her care for women in her works.

Czesław Miłosz (Polish: Czesław Miłosz, June 30, 1911 - August 14, 2004), a Polish-American, was born in present-day Lithuania. He was a famous Polish poet, translator, essayist and diplomat. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1980. He was also a dissident during Poland's socialist period. Died in Krakow in 2004.

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was a Russian novelist, philosopher, political thinker, non-violent Christian anarchist and educational reformer. He is the most influential member of the Tolstoy family.

Liu Yazhou (October 19, 1952 -), a native of Suxian County, Anhui Province, was born in Fenghua District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. He is a former air force general and writer of the Chinese People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China. He served as a member of the 17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China and a member of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He is the son-in-law of Li Xiannian, one of the eight elders of the Communist Party of China during the Deng Xiaoping era and President of China. During the reigns of Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao, the two general secretaries of the CPC Central Committee, Liu used literature to discuss politics and supported the nationalization of the military. He was regarded as an enlightened man. At the same time, he is known for his hawkish views on China's national strategy. He was called "the Young Turks of the Chinese establishment" and a "nationalist and realist" by Canadian analyst Alfred L. Chen.

Liu Zaifu (October 26, 1941 - May 24, 2026), a native of Nan'an, Fujian, was a Chinese writer and literary critic. After graduating from Xiamen University in 1963, he worked as an editor for the magazine "New Construction" of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1977, he transferred to the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences to engage in Lu Xun research. Since 1985, he has served as the director of the Institute of Literature and the editor-in-chief of the "Literary Review" magazine. In 1984, he served as a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and was elected as a member of the Seventh National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (on behalf of the All-China Youth Federation). After the June 4th Incident in 1989, he went into exile overseas and lived in Sweden, the United States, Canada and other places. On May 24, 2026, Liu Zaifu died of illness in Hangzhou Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital at the age of 84.

Liu Cixin (June 23, 1963 -), male, originally from Luoshan County, Henan Province, was born in Beijing. He is a contemporary Chinese science fiction writer. He has been writing since the mid-1980s and has published many science fiction novels in "Science Fiction World" magazine since June 1999. and science fiction essays, and has published many full-length science fiction novels. He is currently the vice chairman of the Shanxi Provincial Writers Association, the honorary chairman of the Yangquan Writers Association, a member of the Chinese Popular Science Writers Association, a member of the Chinese Writers Association, and a member of the 9th and 10th National Committee of the Chinese Writers Association. His representative works include the novels "Supernova Era", "Ball Lightning", "Three-Body", "Three-Body II: Dark Forest", "Three-Body III: Death Eternal", short stories and short stories "The Wandering Earth", "Country Teacher", "Chao Wen Dao", "Micro Era", etc. Liu Cixin is currently one of the most influential science fiction writers in China.

Liu Xiaobo (December 28, 1955 - July 13, 2017), a native of Changchun, Jilin Province, winner of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, was a writer, social activist, literary critic, and human rights activist in the People's Republic of China. He was the former president of the Independent Chinese PEN Society, editor-in-chief of the "Democratic China" online magazine, and one of the main drafters of "Charter 08". Liu Xiaobo graduated from the Chinese Department of Jilin University with a bachelor's degree, and received a master's degree and a doctorate in literature and art from the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University. He was a lecturer in the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University. He was later arrested and imprisoned for his main role in the June 4th Incident. He devoted his life to publicizing and participating in the Chinese democracy movement aimed at ending the one-party dictatorship of the Communist Party of China. He was arrested and sentenced many times. In 1995, he was detained by the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau under the form of "residential surveillance". In 1999, he was sentenced to three years of reeducation through labor for "disturbing social order." In 2009, he was arrested on suspicion of "inciting subversion of state power" and was sentenced to 11 years in prison and deprived of political rights for two years on December 25 of the same year. In 2010, Liu Xiaobo received the Nobel Peace Prize from the Norwegian Nobel Peace Prize Committee, becoming the first citizen of the People's Republic of China to win the prize. Liu Xiaobo is the third person to win the Nobel Prize while serving a sentence or in detention, following Carl von Ossietzky of Germany (1935) and Aung San Suu Kyi of Myanmar (1991). He is also the only Nobel Prize winner in history who failed to regain full personal freedom from the time he was awarded the prize until his death. In June 2017, Liu Xiaobo was diagnosed with advanced liver cancer and was approved by the Chinese government for medical parole. He was subsequently treated in isolation from the outside world at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang. At 17:35 on July 13, the hospital announced that Liu Xiaobo's condition had worsened and he passed away due to multiple organ failure. He was 61 years old after resuscitation failed. His body was cremated at about 6:30 on July 15, 2017, Beijing time, and buried at sea at noon that day.

Liu Ruoyu (1926-May 26, 1986), a native of Beijing, is an expert in Chinese literature. Liu was originally a Chinese national, and later became a British citizen, and finally became an American citizen.

Gabriel José García Marquez, nicknamed Gabo and Gabito, was born in Aracataca, Colombia. He is a Colombian writer, journalist and social activist. He is a representative figure of Latin American magical realism literature and the explosion of Latin American literature. He is considered one of the greatest Spanish writers and one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. He is the winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature and the author of "One Hundred Years of Solitude".